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IGCSE Biology (Triple Award) > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration is the act of breaking down food molecules to released a stored chemical energy (ATP)

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2
Q

What type of reaction is respiration?

A

An oxidation reaction and an exothermic reaction (release of energy)

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3
Q

Where does respiration happen?

A

In the cells of our body

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4
Q

What is oxygen used for in respiration?

A

To oxidise the food

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5
Q

What are the waste products of respiration?

A

Carbon Dioxide and Water

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6
Q

What is the main food oxidised in respiration?

A

Glucose (sugar molecule)

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7
Q

Why do we want glucose? What does is contain?

A

Glucose contained a stored chemical energy (ATP) which can be converted into different types of energies that our body needs.

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8
Q

What energy does respiration produce? And what waste energy is produced?

A

Most energy produced from the reaction is ATP (the energy currency of the cell) but some waste energy is released as heat energy.

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9
Q

What is the energy stored in ATP molecules for?

A
  • contraction of muscle cells, producing movement
  • active transport of molecules and ions
  • building large molecules, such as proteins
  • cell division
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10
Q

What is the energy released as heat used for?

A

To maintain a constant body temperature in mammals and birds

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11
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction of aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

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12
Q

What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 (+ energy)

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13
Q

What are the two types of respiration?

A

Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration

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14
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Respiration using oxygen (releasing energy from glucose) taking place in the mitochondria of the cell. A sequence of gradual steps releasing the energy of glucose in small amounts. Each step in the process is catalysed by a different enzyme.

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15
Q

How do plants respire?

A

Photosynthesis

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16
Q

What does ATP do?

A

Transport energy from respiration to other cell processes that need it.

17
Q

What is the full form of ATP?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

18
Q

Where is ATP present?

A

In all living cells

19
Q

How is ATP composed?

A

1 organic molecule - adenosine
attached to 3 phosphate groups

20
Q

What is ATP broken down into when energy is needed?

A

ADP and Phosphate

it is also what ATP is made from during respiration.

21
Q

What happens when this reaction takes place? (breaking down of ATP)

A

Chemical Energy is released and can be used to drive metabolic processes which need it.

22
Q

What is the difference between breathing and respiration?

A

Respiration is the release of energy from foods (glucose) while breathing is moving air in and out of the lungs allowing gas exchange to take place.

23
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Respiring when oxygen is is short supply. Not completely breaking down the glucose so less energy is released.

24
Q

When do organisms stop respiring aerobically?

A

When oxygen is in short supply aerobic respiration is switched to anaerobic respiration. Which is less efficient but doesn’t require oxygen.

25
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ some energy)

26
Q

What are the properties of ethanol?

A

Makes a good fuel, burn easily to produce heat. Therefore still has lots of chemical energy stored in it.

27
Q

How is lactate produced? (lactic acid)

A

When muscle cells are short on oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration. Because if the muscles are overworked blood cannot reach them fast enough to release enough oxygen for aerobic respiration. Which can happen during a burst of activity. Therefore this time the glucose is broken down into lactate.

28
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

A

glucose → lactate (+ some energy)

29
Q

What does anaerobic respiration provide?

A

Enough energy to keep the overworked muscles going for a short period of time.

30
Q

When does the level of lactate rise?

A

During exercise the level of lactate rises in the muscle cells and bloodstream.

31
Q

What happens to the lactate after the exercise?

A

Lactate is respired aerobically in the mitochondria.

32
Q

What is an oxygen debt?

A

Volume of oxygen needed to completely oxidise the lactate builds up in the body during anaerobic respiration.

33
Q

What does it mean to oxidise?

A

The process of adding oxygen to a substance

IGCSE Biology (Triple Award) (6 decks)

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