Respiration Flashcards
Define metabolism
All of the enzyme controlled reactions that occur in an organism
Define catabolic
A reaction that breaks large molecules into smaller molecules
Define metabolic pathway
A sequence of reactions controlled by enzymes. The products of one reaction become the substrate of the next
How much ATP is produced in aerobic respiration? Anaerobic respiration?
38, 2
Describe the role of the 2 co-enzymes used in aerobic respiration
Transport protons to the ETC on the mitochondrial membrane.
NAD: 3 ATP as it uses 3 proton pumps
FAD: 2 ATP as it uses 2 proton pumps
Give the equation for efficiency of ATP production
Efficiency=(30.6*ATP molecules)/energy release by combustion * 100
What does anaerobic respiration produce?
Lacoste OR carbon dioxide and ethanol. 2 ATP
Discuss the significance of the Kreb’s Cycle
- Breaks down macromolecules into smaller ones (e.g. pyruvate into CO2)
- Produces H carried by NAD and FAD to ETC and used for Ox. phos.
- Leads to ATP production (metabolic energy)
- Regenerates 4C that combines with acetyl CoA that would otherwise accumulate
- Source of intermediate molecules used in the manufacture of faatu acids, a.a., and chlorophyll
Describe how cyanide inhibits respiration
It’s a non-competitive inhibitor of the final enzyme in the ETC which catalysis the addition of H ions and electrons to oxygen to form water, therefore causing electrons to accumulate on carriers so no aerobic respiration
How much energy does ATP release
30.6 kJ/mol
Describe lipids as a respiratory substrate
Lipids are broken down into:
1) Fatty acids –> acetyl CoA
2) glycerol –(phosphorylated + oxidised)–> TP
Describe proteins as a respiratory substrate
Proteins are broken down into amino acids:
1) a.a. –> NH2 –> NH3 –> CO(NH2)2/urea
2) keto acids –> acetyl CoA, Kreb’s intermediate, or glycolysis intermediate
