Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
Respiration is a chemical reaction carried out in all living organisms.
What are the ways in which energy from glucose is released/two types of respiration?
Energy is released from glucose either in the presence of oxygen (aerobic respiration) or the absence of oxygen (anaerobic respiration).
What are the waste products of respiration?
The reactions ultimately result in the production of carbon dioxide and water as waste products
What form is energy transferred in?
ATP
Why do organisms need energy?
Organisms need energy for things such as:
Chemical reactions to build larger molecules from smaller molecules
Muscle contraction to allow movement
Keeping warm (to maintain a constant temperature suitable for enzyme activity)
Is cellular respiration an exothermic or endothermic reaction?
Cellular respiration is an exothermic reaction that is continuously occurring in living cells
.
The chemical process of cellular respiration releases energy from what?
The chemical process of cellular respiration releases energy from glucose.
Fill in the blanks - The chemical process of cellular respiration releases energy from -
The energy is transferred via the molecule -
The chemical process of cellular respiration releases energy from glucose
The energy is transferred via the molecule Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Where is ATP produced?
ATP, produced in respiration in the mitochondria
Oxygen for aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic = Needed
Anaerobic = Not needed
Glucose breakdown in aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration: Complete breakdown
Anaerobic respiration: Incomplete breakdown
Products in aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration: Carbon Dioxide & Water
Anaerobic: (Animal cells) = Lactic acid
(Yeast) = Carbon Dioxide & Ethanol
Energy released in aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration= A lot
Anaerobic respiration= A little
What does aerobic respiration require?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen
What is aerobic respiration?
It is defined as the chemical reaction in cells that uses oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy.
Aerobic respiration is the complete breakdown of glucose to release a relatively large amount of energy for use in cell processes and reactions
What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products as well as releasing useful cellular energy
Word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
Chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Why does aerobic respiration release more energy than anaerobic respiration?
That is because in aerobic respiration, the oxidation of glucose is complete whereas in anaerobic respiration, the oxidation of glucose is incomplete.
Anaerobic respiration does not require what?
Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen
Define anaerobic respiration
It is defined as the chemical reaction in cells that breaks down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen
It involves the incomplete breakdown of glucose and so releases a relatively small amount of energy for use in cell processes
Explain Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells during vigorous exercise
When we exercise at high intensities, our muscles have a higher demand for energy
Our bodies can only deliver so much oxygen to our muscle cells for aerobic respiration
When oxygen runs out, glucose is broken down without it, producing lactic acid instead
Glucose has not been fully broken down meaning there is still energy stored within the bonds of lactic acid molecules
Anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration
What happens when we run out of oxygen for energy?
When oxygen runs out, glucose is broken down without it, producing lactic acid instead
Word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
Glucose -> Lactic Acid
Chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
C₆H ₁₂O₆ -> 2C₃H₆O₃
What happens when lactic acid builds up in muscle cells?
When Lactic acid builds up in muscle cells, it lowers the pH of the muscle tissue (making the conditions more acidic)
Acidic conditions can denature the enzymes in cells
What happens to the enzymes in cells when there are acidic conditions?
Acidic conditions can denature the enzymes in cells
How is lactic acid removed?
Lactic acid will eventually be broken down into glucose using oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water as waste products - The amount of oxygen required to break down the lactic acid that has built up is referred to as the ‘oxygen debt’.
What is the oxygen debt?
The amount of oxygen required to break down the lactic acid that has built up is referred to as the ‘oxygen debt’
What is the process of breaking down the lactic acid is known as?
The process of breaking down the lactic acid is known as ‘repaying the oxygen debt’
What are the products of anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi?
Plants and yeast can respire without oxygen as well, breaking down glucose in the absence of oxygen to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide
What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?
Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called fermentation.
Why is fermentation economically important?
Fermentation is economically important in the manufacture of bread (where the carbon dioxide produced helps the dough to rise) and in brewing (where the ethanol produced makes beer)
Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi
Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
Chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast
C₆H₁₂O₆ -> 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂
