Respiration Flashcards
Production of ATP
1- 2 molecules per glucose molecule are produced in the Krebs Cycle by substrate level phosphorylation
2- in the matrix
3- Hydrogen is removed from the intermediates in the Krebs Cycle
4- Electrons are passed along a series of carried at progressively lower energy levels (ect)
5- O2 is the terminal electron acceptor
6- H is accepted by NAD and 3 molecules of ATP are produced
Uses of ATP in the cell
Production of neurotransmitters
Used in glycolysis
Active transport of solutes in and out of the cell
Where does Photosynthesis take place
The mitochondria
Why is ATP a suitable energy source
1- hydrolysis releases a small manageable amount of energy
2- hydrolysis is a single reaction, releasing immediate energy allowing for control over energy expenditure
3- it is a small molecule so is easily transported around the cell
Stages of respiration
Glycolysis (cytoplasm)
Link reaction (matrix)
Kerbs cycle (matrix)
ETC (cristae)
Process of glycolysis
1- glucose phosphorylated by substrate even phosphorylation to form fructose biphosphate
2- fructose diphosphate hydrolysed to form 2x triode phosphate
3- each triode phosphate oxidised to form private, this forms reduced NAD (NADH) and 2xATP
4- net gain of 2x ATP
How to calculate RQ
CO2 out / O2 in
Main respiratory substrates and their RQ values
Carbohydrate- 1
Protein- ~0.9
Lipid- ~0.7
more than 1 means anaerobic as well
Anaerobic respiration in animals
1- glycolysis
2- pyruvate converted to lactate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase
3- 1x NAD produced
- no link or krebs-
Anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi
1- glycolysis
2- pyruvate converted to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase
3- 1x NAD produced
-no link or krebs-
what is oxygen debt
the extra oxygen used to metabolise the lactate produced by anaerobic respiration
