Respiration Flashcards
Where does the LR + krebs cycle take place
Mitochondrial matrix
Which processes produce ATP in respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Each LR yields
1X acetylcoA
1X CO2 (decarboxylation- decarboxylase)
1X reduced NAD
since glucose produces 2X pyruvate (3C) all of this will be produced twice
What does coenzyme do
Helps bind acetate (2C) to the 4C oxaloacetate in krebs cycle
What does each krebs cycle yield
2 X CO2
1 X ATP
3 X reduced NAD+1FAD
* 1 molecule of glucose produces 2 X acetylcoA so KREBS CYCLE HAPPENS TWICE
alternative respiratory substrates
Lipids hydrolysed into fatty acids and glycerol
Glycerol phosphorylated and converted into TP - which enter glycolysis + krebs cycle
Fatty acids broken down into 2C fragments and converted into Acetylco A
Oxidation of fatty acids yields many hydrogen atoms to reduce NAD/FAD for oxidative phosphorylation of ATP
Explain how the amount of ATP increased by reactions occurring inside a mitochondrion
oxidation of pyruvate
Substrate level production of ATP
Production of reduced NAD/FAD
In matrix of mitochondria
Electrons fed into ETC
Through a series of redox reactions releasing energy
Protons pumped into inter membrane space
Protons flow back through ATP synthase
Synthesising ATP
From ADP + Pi
Describe the roles of coenzymes and carrier proteins in the synthesis of ATP
REDUCED NAD/FAD
electrons transferred from coenzyme to coenzyme
Energy released as electrons travel along the ETC thru redox reactions
Energy used to synthesise ATP from ADP + Pi
Using ATP synthase
Protons pumped into inter membrane space
Protons diffuse back through ATP synthase
Describe the events of oxidative phosphorylation
NAD/FAD reduced
ETC on cristae
Electrons transferred from coenzyme to coenzyme thru series of redox reactions
Energy released as electrons move along
Protons pumped into intermembrane space
Protons flow back through ATP SYNTHASE
Energy used to synthesise ATP from ADP +Pi
How much ATP does anaerobic respiration produce
2 X ATP
Per glucose
How much Atp does aerobic respiration produce per glucose
38
Glycolysis
Glucose phosphorylated
This required hydrolysis of 2 ATP TO ADP +Pi to provide phosphates
Glucose phosphate splits into 2 X TP
TP oxidised into pyruvate
Loss of hydrogen (via dehydrogenase)
Reduces NAD
Net gain of 2 ATP produced via SLP
Water is a waste product of aerobic respiration. Describe how water formed
Oxygen final electron acceptor
Combines with electrons and protons to form water
Explain why its important for plants to produce ATP during respiration in addition to photosynthesis
Plants cannot photosynthesise in the dark
Some tissues unable to photosynthesise (roots)
ATP cannot be stored
Plants use more ATP than produces in photosynthesis
ATP used for processes such as AT
Some lactate converted back into pyruvate. Suggest advantage
Pyruvate used in aerobic respiration
Less lactic acid build up so less fatigue/cramps
