Respiration Flashcards
def. Cellular respiration
It is a process by which chemical energy in organic molecules is released by oxidation.
def. Chemiosmosis
Energy stored in the form of a proton gradient across a membrane is used to drive ATP synthesis.
def. Electron transport chain (ETC)
It is a series of electron carriers (mainly proteins) with increasing electronegativity.
def. Oxidative phosphorylation
It is the process by which the exergonic reoxidation of FADH2 and NADH by oxygen is coupled to the formation of ATP, with an electrochemical proton gradient as an intermediate.
def. Substrate-level phosphorylation
It is a process whereby an enzyme transfers a phosphate group directly from a substrate molecule to ADP.
def. Proton-motive force
Proton-motive force is potential energy stored in the form of a proton chemical gradient, generated by pumping of H+ across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis.
def. Fermentation
Fermentation processes are pathways to regenerate NAD+ from NADH, thereby ensuring a steady supply of NAD+ for glycolysis to continue to produce 2 ATP per glucose.
