Respiration Flashcards
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
O2 dependent
Provides biosynthetic intermediates (carbon skeleton, building blocks) for anabolism
Regenerates ATP
Requires energy source (glucose) (C-C and C-H bonds)
These bonds have high energy electrons (HEE), which are used to perform work
Electrons close to O2 have no energy; O2 has high EN
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Direct transfer of a phosphate group (PO4^3-) from a metabolic intermediate to
regenerate ATP
Oxidative Phosphorylation
High energy electrons taken from C-C and C-H bonds, given to electron acceptors
(NAD and FAD), converting them into NADH and FADH2 to regenerate ATP
Combination of RS ETC and ATP synthase
NAD and FAD
Reduced (given high energy electrons) into NADH and FADH2
NADH and FADH2 represent chemical potential energy (CPE); carrying the HEE
HEE are moved in pairs (C-C bonds = two electrons, NADH carries two HEE)
Protons (H+)
Hydrogens without electrons
Balance out charges on NADH and FADH2
Also used as a concentration gradient across mitochondrial inner membrane, with is
pumped using HEE by the electron transport chain, and then used to regenerate ATP
Glycolysis
Pathway of 10 reactions and their respective enzymes
Converts glucose into pyruvate and creates NADH and ATP
Linker Reaction
Converts pyruvate and NAD into NADH, Acetyl-CoA, and CO2
CO2 has no CPE
Citric Acid Cycle
8 enzymes
Regenerates ATP, NADH, FADH2, and creates CO2 and CoA
Citric Acid cycle turns twice for every 1 glucose
Respiratory Electron Transport Chain (RS ETC)
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Electrons received from NADH/FADH2
HEE are used to pump H against concentration gradient (out of mitochondria)
Electrons then end up with O2 (Converts into H2O)
O2 is the garbage can for electrons
ATP synthase
Mitochondrial inner membrane
Brings H+ down concentration gradient, powering ATP regeneration
