Cells Flashcards
Eukaryotic Cells
Have nucleus and other membrane-delimited organelles
Compartmentalized
Nucleus
Delimited by double membrane
Membrane has pores to allow traffic
Contains most of the DNA
Ribosomes
No membrane Protein Building Machines 1 small 1 large subunits Read mRNA and produce protein sequences Located in cytosol or attached to ER Made of RNA and protein
Endomembrane System
Organelles linked by membrane flow
Nuclear Envelop, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Bodes,
Lysosomes, Plasma Membrane, Vesicles
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Source of membrane
Connected to Nuclear Envelope
Rough ER - ribosomes attached, site of protein synthesis
Smooth ER - free floating, no ribosomes
Built protein leaves ER in vesilce (Ball of membrane)
Golgi Bodies / Apparatus
Series of flattened sacs made of membrane
Protein enters and is modified
Then sends out protein to its destination
Protein Destination
Vesicle Dumps Protein outside of cell or lysome
Lysomes and Phagocytosis
Cell membrane flows to surround food particle in vacuole
Vacuole then travels to lysome
Lysome contains enzymes (proteins) from Golgi body
Peroxisomes
Small organelle bound by single membrane
Not part of Endomembrane system
Mitochondria
100s in 1 cell Central to cellular energy metabolism Krebs Cycle, ETC, ATP synthase Double Membrane Not part of Endomembrane system
Chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis in eukaryotes
Double Membrane
Contains DNA and ribosomes
Not part of Endomembrane system
Cytoskeleton
Network of fiber like proteins across cell and nucleus
Not membrane-delimited
Proves mechanical support, anchoring and movement of organelles, and cell mobility
Cilia
Stick out of membrane
Short, many
Moves objects across cell membrane
Flagella
Long, Few
Stick out of membrane
Moves cell
