Respiration

Question 1

What does respiration?

Answer 1

Respiration produces carbon dioxide, which passes from the muscle cells to the blood, raising its acidity and lowering its pH below 7.0.

Question 2

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

Question 3

What does blood carry?

Answer 3

Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells,and waste products away from them.

Question 4

What is the heart?

Answer 4

The heart is the muscular pump that keeps the blood moving.

Question 5

Do arteries carry blood towards or away from the heart?

Answer 5

The arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Question 6

What do the veins do?

Answer 6

The veins return blood to the heart.

Question 7

What are capillaries?

Answer 7

The capillaries are tiny blood vessels that are close to the body’s cells.

Question 8

What colour is blood before it comes in contact with oxygen?

Answer 8

Blue.

Question 9

How do you work out the cardiac output?

Answer 9

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate.

Question 10

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 10

When exercising very hard, the heart cannot get enough oxygen to the muscles. Anaerobic respiration does not need oxygen. It releases energy from glucose but the amount is much lower.

Question 11

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 11

glucose → lactic acid (+ energy)

Question 12

What is Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Debt or EPOC?

Answer 12

This is when glucose is not broken down completely to form carbon dioxide and water. Some of it is broken down to form lactic acid. Panting after exercise provides oxygen to break down lactic acid. The increased heart rate also allows lactic acid to be carried away by the blood to the liver, where it is broken down.

Question 13

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 13

Systolic pressure - the higher measurement when the heart beats, pushing blood through the arteries.

Question 14

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 14

Diastolic pressure - the lower measurement when the heart rests between beats.

Question 15

The larger the volume of air moving in and out of our lungs with each breath..

Answer 15

..the higher the volume of oxygen that can reach the muscles.

Question 16

How do you work out the volume of air exchanged per minute?

Answer 16

volume of air exchanged per minute = number of breaths in a minute (breathing rate) x volume of air per breath

Question 17

What does the volume of blood pumped from the heart each minute (cardiac output) depend on?

Answer 17

The volume of blood pumped from the heart each minute (cardiac output) depends on the heart rate and volume of blood pumped out with each beat (the stroke volume).

Question 18

What comes out of cells into the capillaries?

Answer 18

Carbon dioxide.

Question 19

What causes muscle fatigue and pain when exercising?

Answer 19

Build up of lactic acid.

Question 20

What does panting after exercise allow the body to do?

Answer 20

It allows us to break down the lactic acid.

Question 21

Where in the cell does respiration take place?

Answer 21

Mitochondria.

Question 22

What is the process called where oxygen passes into the blood?

Answer 22

Diffusion.

Question 23

What are the two measurements of blood pressure?

Answer 23

The two measurements of blood pressure are systolic and diastolic.