respiration Flashcards
what is the purpose of respiration?
to provide energy (in the form of ATP) to living cells
what are the products of respiration?
- CO2
- water
- energy (ATP)
what are the two things in the respiration equation that produce the products?
- glucose
- oxygen
what is the respiration equation?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
what are the stages of aerobic respiration?
- glycolysis
- link reaction
- Krebs cycle
- oxidative phosphorylation
where does glycolysis occur?
the cell cytoplasm (not in mitochondria)
what is the function of the mitochondria?
aerobic respiration
briefly describe what glycolysis is:
the splitting of 6C glucose into two 3C pyruvate molecules
what is the initial stage of aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
glycolysis
describe the process of glycolysis:
- Glucose is phosphorylated using a phosphate ion from ATP
- This produces glucose-6-phosphate
- Another phosphate is added from ATP to form hexose bisphosphate
- This then splits into two 3C molecules of triose phosphate
- Triose phosphate is oxidised which forms 2 pyruvate molecules
- NAD picks up the hydrogen forming 2 NADH
- 4 ATP are produced (but 2 have already been used)
what is the NET yield of glycolysis?
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
- 2 pyruvate
what is the anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?
alcoholic fermentation
what is the process of alcoholic fermentation?
- takes place in plants in yeast
- pyruvate is decarboxylated to from ethanal
- ethanal is oxidised to from ethanol
what is the form of anaerobic respiration in animals and some bacteria?
lactate fermentation
what is the process of lactate fermentation?
- occurs in animals and some bacteria
- pyruvate is oxidised into lactate