Respi - pathology of pleura/ mediastinum

Question 1

accumulations in the pleura

Answer 1

• empyema: pus
• haemothorax
• chylothorax (chyle leaked from the thoracic duct)

can be transudate or exudate

Question 2

pleurisy

Answer 2

acute inflammation of the pleura caused by infection -> neutrophils
fibrinous exudate onto pleural surface -> may organise and form fibrous pleura adhesions

Question 3

pneumothorax

Answer 3

• spontaneous pneumothorax
• trauma
• iatrogenic

Question 4

malignant tumours of pleural

Answer 4

• metastatic carcinoma

- malignant mesothelioma (rare): poor prognosis

Question 5

mediastinal mass lesions

Answer 5

• metastasised / invasion from lung cancer
• primary TB
• thymoma (affecting thymus)
• lymphoma:
  T cell lymphobastic lymphoma
  primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma
  Hodgkin lymphoma
• germ cell tumours

Question 6

which mediastinal mass lesions are common in children

Answer 6

• lymphoma

- neuroblastoma

Question 7

thymoma

Answer 7

derived from thymic epithelial cells

associated w/ myasthenia gravis