CVS - atherosclerosis

Question 1

atherosclerosis affects which part of the blood vessel

Answer 1

tunica intima

cause the arteries to thicken and lose elasticity

Question 2

pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Answer 2

1. damage to endothelial wall
2. leukocyte (WBC) adhesion
3. macrophage activation: engulf lipid into the tunica intima
4. SM proliferation, forms a plug

Question 3

atherosclerotic lesions in stages

Answer 3

early: fatty streak
established: atheromatous plaque

Question 4

non-modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 4

age
male
genetics

Question 5

modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 5

L-BCD

Lipids: hyperlipidemia
B - high BP = HTN
C: cigarettes
D: diabetes

Question 6

atherosclerosis clinical consequences - 2

Answer 6

acute plaque change

chronic atherosclerosis stenosis

Question 7

acute plaque change

Answer 7

cause the blood vessels to lose elasticity 
-> aortic aneurysm 
-> risk of rupture and hemorrhage
infarct: MCI, cerebral infarct 
peripheral vascular disease

Question 8

chronic atherosclerosis stenosis

Answer 8

narrowed lumen -> decrease blood supply -> ischemia:
chronic ischemic HD, bowel ischemia, ischemic encephalopathy
+ angina (chest pain)

Question 9

definition of atherosclerosis

Answer 9

degenerative disease of the tunica media, characterised by formation of atheromas

Question 10

atherosclerosis causing aneurysm

Answer 10

affects diffusion of nutrients into tunica media
-> ischaemia
-> cystic medial degeneration + recruitment of macrophages
-> compromise collagen fibres
-> weakens tunica media even more
cystic medial degeneration: weakens tunica MEDIA - blood vessel loses elasticity and dilates -> aneurysm