Respi Flashcards
which are resposnible for warm at fliter?
upper respiratory
common site of infection
sinus
pharyngeal tonsils are called?
Adenoid tonsils
opening between the vocal cords in the larynx
glottis
forms the adam’s apple
Thyroid Cartilage
Located below the thyroid cartilage
Cricoid
used in vocal cord movement
Arytenoid
Produces sound
vocal cord
movement of air in and out
Ventilation
n plueral fluid
10-12 ml
who produce mucus in lungs what part?
Submucosal glands
finger like projection
cilia
what are the 3 types of alveoli?
Type 1: 95% serves as barrier bet air and alveolar surfaces
Type 2 : 5%- produce type 1 cells and surfactant
Alveolar macropage: phagocytic cell / Ingest foregin matter
O2 and Co2 exchange from high to lower concentration
Pulmonary diffusion
actual blood flow
perfussion
Imbalance is caused by
inadequate ventilation / perfusion / both
V/P ratio is
1:1
what happen when Ventilation perfusion is low?
- Blood bypasses the alveoli without gasexchange
- perfusion exceeds ventilation
what happen when ventilation perfusion is high
ventilation exceeds perfusion
what happen to pt. when having low, high and limited ventilation and perfusion?
Low: Pneumonia / Atelectasis / Mucus plug
High: Pulmo edema / Infarction
Silent Unit: Pneumothorax / acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
who control the inspiratory and expiratory?
medulla oblangata
who control the rate and deph of ventilation
Pons
difference of upper pons and lower pons
upper: Pneumotaxic center - patters of respiration
lower: Apneutic center - promotes deep, prolonged respiration
common symptoms respiratory
Dyspnea / Cough / Chest pain / wheezing / hemoptysis
Reflex / Result / Cause of cough
Reflex: protect the lungs from accumulation of Secretion / Inhalation of foreign bodies
Result: Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane
Cause: Asthma / Gerd / Infection / SE of medications (ACE inhibitors)
very late indication of hypoxia
cyanosis
cyanosis appears when?
O2 Hgb is decrease 5 g/dl
Over inflation of lungs ; increase antheroposterior diameter
Barrel chest
depression in lower portion of sternum
Tonnel chest
increase Anteroposterior displacement of sternum
Pigeon chest
other term for tunnel and pigeon test
pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum
Elevation of scapula and S-shape spine
Kyphoscoliosis
ataxic breathing
Biot’s
pattern of cheyne stroke and time
Regular cycle - Increase rate / Depth - decrease - Apnea - 20 sec
pattern of biot and time
n breathing (3-4) - Apnea - 10-60 sec
Non musical, discontinous popping sound that occur during inspiration
crackles
difference of crackles type
course - early inspiration
Fine - late inspiration
musical - High pitched - Shrill sound - expiration
wheezes
low pitches rumbling sound
rhonchi
low pitched rubbing or grunting sound
friction rub
high pitched , musical sound heard over the neck
stridor
vol. of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath
tidal volume
mix volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhilation
inspiratory reserve vol.
exhaled forcibly after a normal exhalation
expiratory reserve vol.
vol. of air remaining in the wings after a max exhalation
residual vol
max vol of air exhaled from the point of max inspiration
vital capacity
max vol of air inhaled after bormal expiration
inspiratory capacity
the vol of air remaining in the lungs after a n expiration
functional residual capacity
the vol of air in the lungs after a max inspiration
total lung capacity
how to perform pulmonary fxn test??
- Performed to assess respiratory fxn
- to determine the extent of dysfunction / response to theraphy screen test
- used vefore sx
- generally perform by RT
- used spirometry
how to perform material blood gas studies
- assess the ability of the lungs to produce adeonate 02 and remove c02
- ability of the kidney to reabsorb or excrete HCo3
- arterial puncture: Radial / branchial / femoral
pharmacologic of rhinits
- Anti histamine / Decongestants
- Mast cell stabilizer (chromolyn)
- Leurotrine modifiers (montelukast)
- Saline nasal spray
sore throat aka
pharyngitis
causes of pharyngitis
adenovirus / influenza / eitstein-barr virus
virus - herpes simplex virus
bacteria: GABHS
s/sx of of pharyngitis
malaise / fever / HA / Swollen tonsils /
assessment of pharyngitis
rapid antigen
diagnostics of pharyngitis
throat culture
mngt of pharyngitis
- Antibiotic (do not use if viral)
- Penncilin / erythromycin
- Cephalosporins / macrolides
- analgesic - acethaminophen / aspirin
nutritional theraphy for pharyngitis
cold beverages / warm water / frozen dessert
causes of tonsilitis
GABHS / STAP / Epstein-BARR
Tonsilitis ss/sx
sorethroat / fever / snoring / diff of swallowing
dx of tonsilitis
culture
mngt for tonsilitis
increase OFI / Antispasmodic / Rest / Salt water gargles / antibiotic / penincilin / cephalosporins / tosilectomy
tx of choice of tonsilitis
tonsilectomy
post op of tosilectomy
- prone with head turned to side allow drainage
- ice collar
- analgesic
- limit talking and coughing
- erstrict milk
[eritonsillar abcess can cause?
airway obstruction
inability to open mouth
trismus
Quinsy
peritonsillar abscess
tx of choice of peritonsillar abscess
needle aspiration / tonsilectomy
pharmacologic mngt of peritsonsillar abscess
antibiotics and corticosteriod but if do not resolve, sx
needle aspiration position
sitting
more painful peritonsillar abscess
incision and drainage
peritonsillar abcess positive in airway obstructio
intubation
laryngitis causes
voice abuse / dust / chemical / smoke / Gerd / virus
loss of voice
aphonia
relevant o weather in laryngitis
cold weather = worst
warm weather = Improves
if cause by bacteria what meds and what if cause by gerd?
if cause by bacteria : Antibiotics and Corticosteroid
if cause by gerd : DPI: Dry power Inhaler
causes of nose bleeded
rupture of tiiny distended blood vessel
