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Medsurg > Respi > Flashcards

Respi Flashcards

1
Q

which are resposnible for warm at fliter?

A

upper respiratory

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2
Q

common site of infection

A

sinus

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3
Q

pharyngeal tonsils are called?

A

Adenoid tonsils

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4
Q

opening between the vocal cords in the larynx

A

glottis

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5
Q

forms the adam’s apple

A

Thyroid Cartilage

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6
Q

Located below the thyroid cartilage

A

Cricoid

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7
Q

used in vocal cord movement

A

Arytenoid

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8
Q

Produces sound

A

vocal cord

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9
Q

movement of air in and out

A

Ventilation

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10
Q

n plueral fluid

A

10-12 ml

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11
Q

who produce mucus in lungs what part?

A

Submucosal glands

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12
Q

finger like projection

A

cilia

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13
Q

what are the 3 types of alveoli?

A

Type 1: 95% serves as barrier bet air and alveolar surfaces
Type 2 : 5%- produce type 1 cells and surfactant
Alveolar macropage: phagocytic cell / Ingest foregin matter

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14
Q

O2 and Co2 exchange from high to lower concentration

A

Pulmonary diffusion

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15
Q

actual blood flow

A

perfussion

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16
Q

Imbalance is caused by

A

inadequate ventilation / perfusion / both

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17
Q

V/P ratio is

A

1:1

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18
Q

what happen when Ventilation perfusion is low?

A
  • Blood bypasses the alveoli without gasexchange
  • perfusion exceeds ventilation
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19
Q

what happen when ventilation perfusion is high

A

ventilation exceeds perfusion

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20
Q

what happen to pt. when having low, high and limited ventilation and perfusion?

A

Low: Pneumonia / Atelectasis / Mucus plug

High: Pulmo edema / Infarction

Silent Unit: Pneumothorax / acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

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21
Q

who control the inspiratory and expiratory?

A

medulla oblangata

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22
Q

who control the rate and deph of ventilation

A

Pons

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23
Q

difference of upper pons and lower pons

A

upper: Pneumotaxic center - patters of respiration
lower: Apneutic center - promotes deep, prolonged respiration

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24
Q

common symptoms respiratory

A

Dyspnea / Cough / Chest pain / wheezing / hemoptysis

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25
Q

Reflex / Result / Cause of cough

A

Reflex: protect the lungs from accumulation of Secretion / Inhalation of foreign bodies

Result: Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane

Cause: Asthma / Gerd / Infection / SE of medications (ACE inhibitors)

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26
Q

very late indication of hypoxia

A

cyanosis

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27
Q

cyanosis appears when?

A

O2 Hgb is decrease 5 g/dl

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28
Q

Over inflation of lungs ; increase antheroposterior diameter

A

Barrel chest

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29
Q

depression in lower portion of sternum

A

Tonnel chest

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30
Q

increase Anteroposterior displacement of sternum

A

Pigeon chest

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31
Q

other term for tunnel and pigeon test

A

pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum

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32
Q

Elevation of scapula and S-shape spine

A

Kyphoscoliosis

33
Q

ataxic breathing

A

Biot’s

34
Q

pattern of cheyne stroke and time

A

Regular cycle - Increase rate / Depth - decrease - Apnea - 20 sec

35
Q

pattern of biot and time

A

n breathing (3-4) - Apnea - 10-60 sec

36
Q

Non musical, discontinous popping sound that occur during inspiration

A

crackles

37
Q

difference of crackles type

A

course - early inspiration
Fine - late inspiration

38
Q

musical - High pitched - Shrill sound - expiration

A

wheezes

39
Q

low pitches rumbling sound

A

rhonchi

40
Q

low pitched rubbing or grunting sound

A

friction rub

41
Q

high pitched , musical sound heard over the neck

A

stridor

42
Q

vol. of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath

A

tidal volume

43
Q

mix volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhilation

A

inspiratory reserve vol.

44
Q

exhaled forcibly after a normal exhalation

A

expiratory reserve vol.

45
Q

vol. of air remaining in the wings after a max exhalation

A

residual vol

46
Q

max vol of air exhaled from the point of max inspiration

A

vital capacity

47
Q

max vol of air inhaled after bormal expiration

A

inspiratory capacity

48
Q

the vol of air remaining in the lungs after a n expiration

A

functional residual capacity

49
Q

the vol of air in the lungs after a max inspiration

A

total lung capacity

50
Q

how to perform pulmonary fxn test??

A
  • Performed to assess respiratory fxn
  • to determine the extent of dysfunction / response to theraphy screen test
  • used vefore sx
  • generally perform by RT
  • used spirometry
51
Q

how to perform material blood gas studies

A
  • assess the ability of the lungs to produce adeonate 02 and remove c02
  • ability of the kidney to reabsorb or excrete HCo3
  • arterial puncture: Radial / branchial / femoral
52
Q

pharmacologic of rhinits

A
  • Anti histamine / Decongestants
  • Mast cell stabilizer (chromolyn)
  • Leurotrine modifiers (montelukast)
  • Saline nasal spray
53
Q

sore throat aka

A

pharyngitis

54
Q

causes of pharyngitis

A

adenovirus / influenza / eitstein-barr virus

virus - herpes simplex virus
bacteria: GABHS

55
Q

s/sx of of pharyngitis

A

malaise / fever / HA / Swollen tonsils /

56
Q

assessment of pharyngitis

A

rapid antigen

57
Q

diagnostics of pharyngitis

A

throat culture

58
Q

mngt of pharyngitis

A
  • Antibiotic (do not use if viral)
  • Penncilin / erythromycin
  • Cephalosporins / macrolides
  • analgesic - acethaminophen / aspirin
59
Q

nutritional theraphy for pharyngitis

A

cold beverages / warm water / frozen dessert

60
Q

causes of tonsilitis

A

GABHS / STAP / Epstein-BARR

61
Q

Tonsilitis ss/sx

A

sorethroat / fever / snoring / diff of swallowing

62
Q

dx of tonsilitis

A

culture

63
Q

mngt for tonsilitis

A

increase OFI / Antispasmodic / Rest / Salt water gargles / antibiotic / penincilin / cephalosporins / tosilectomy

64
Q

tx of choice of tonsilitis

A

tonsilectomy

65
Q

post op of tosilectomy

A
  • prone with head turned to side allow drainage
  • ice collar
  • analgesic
  • limit talking and coughing
  • erstrict milk
66
Q

[eritonsillar abcess can cause?

A

airway obstruction

67
Q

inability to open mouth

A

trismus

68
Q

Quinsy

A

peritonsillar abscess

69
Q

tx of choice of peritonsillar abscess

A

needle aspiration / tonsilectomy

70
Q

pharmacologic mngt of peritsonsillar abscess

A

antibiotics and corticosteriod but if do not resolve, sx

71
Q

needle aspiration position

A

sitting

72
Q

more painful peritonsillar abscess

A

incision and drainage

73
Q

peritonsillar abcess positive in airway obstructio

A

intubation

74
Q

laryngitis causes

A

voice abuse / dust / chemical / smoke / Gerd / virus

75
Q

loss of voice

A

aphonia

76
Q

relevant o weather in laryngitis

A

cold weather = worst
warm weather = Improves

77
Q

if cause by bacteria what meds and what if cause by gerd?

A

if cause by bacteria : Antibiotics and Corticosteroid
if cause by gerd : DPI: Dry power Inhaler

78
Q

causes of nose bleeded

A

rupture of tiiny distended blood vessel

Medsurg (5 decks)

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