Resp Questions

Question 1

Causes of clubbing

Answer 1

Resp- Lung ca, chronic suppurative Dx (bronchiectasis, abscess, empyema), IPF, asbestosis, CF, pleural fibroma, mesothelioma, mediastonal Dx CV- IE, cyanotic congenital heart disease Other- IBD, cirrhosis, coeliac disease, thyrotoxicosis, neurogenic diaphragmatic tumours

Question 2

CXR interpretation

Answer 2

• Soft tissues + bony skeleton - Tracheal displacement/paratracheal masses - Heart size/borders/retrocardiac density - Aorta and upper mediastinum - Diaphragm, cardiophrenic and costophrenic angles - Lung hila - Lung fields- opacity/shadow and location - Pleura - Gastric bubble - Any added things

Question 3

CXR opacities-Homogenous

Answer 3

pneumonia- lobar or segmental, collapse, effusion

Question 4

CXR opacities- localised non homogenous

Answer 4

non homogenous- pneumonia, pulmonary infarct, carcinoma, tuberculosis

Question 5

CXR opacities- diffuse

Answer 5

o Military- TB, metastases, sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, lymphoma, lymphangitis, viral pneumonia, vasculitis, pulmonary haemorrhage o Nodular (3-10mm)- pneumonia, pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, metastatic carcinoma, sarcoidosis

Question 6

CXR opacities- reticular

Answer 6

• Reticular- fibrosis, bronchiectasis

Question 7

CXR opacities - cavitated

Answer 7

• Cavitated lesion- lung abscess, carcinoma, lymphoma, tuberculosis, fungi

Question 8

CXR opacities- calcified

Answer 8

• Calcified lesions- tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis

Question 9

CXR opacities- coin lesions

Answer 9

• Coin lesions- carcinoma, tuberculoma, hamartoma, granuloma, AV fistula, rheumatoid nodule, abscess, hydatid cyst

Question 10

UIP pattern

Answer 10

Basal, subpleural Reticulation and Honeycombing Traction bronchiectasis Minimal ground glass

Question 11

NSIP pattern

Answer 11

Ground glass WITH reticulation + traction bronchiectasis Minimal honeycombing Still often basal predominant

Question 12

UIP associations

Answer 12

IPF connective tissue diseases (primarily rheumatoid arthritis), drug toxicity, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, asbestosis

Question 13

NSIP associations

Answer 13

connective tissue disease which includes systemic sclerosis, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren syndrome.

Question 14

Causes upper lobe fibrosis

Answer 14

Silicosis, sarcoidosis coal workers pneumoconiosis Histiocytosis Ank Spond ABPA Radiotherapy TB

Question 15

Causes lower lobe fibrosis

Answer 15

RA Asbestosis Sceroderma Cryptogenic (IPF) Drugs- MTX, amiodarone, bleomycin, busulfan, hydralazine, nitrofurantoin