Resp Presentations Flashcards
bronchiectasis
chronic productive cough
dyspnoea
wheezing
pleuritic chest pain
chronic infections in childhood
Reduced/absent breath sounds at areas distal to places of obstruction, coarse crackles on inspiration and expiration
Signet ring on CT
sarcoidosis
20-40 year old, female of afro(caribbean) descent
dry cough
shortness of breath
nodules on skin (erythema nodosum)
Dry crackles
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on CXR
what is lofgren’s syndrome
erythema nodosum
bilateral lymphadenopathy
polyarthralgia
(sign of sarcoidosis)
IPF
unexplained exertional dyspnoea
chronic dry cough
velcro-like crackling on inspiration
Fine-end inspiratory crackles
fibrosis of lung bases
Hypoxia
Ground-glass on CXR
extrinsic allergic alveolitis
history mentions:
works on a farm
works with birds
works with coffee
bronchiolitis
coryzal symptoms
respiratory distress
dyspnoea
tachypnoea
typically age <1 year old, mostly <6 months
ARDS
Acute severe SOB
Tachypnoeic
Tachycardic
Hypoxaemia
pneumothorax
typically tall, thin, white male
Smokers
People with preexisting lung diseases
Pleuritic chest pain and sudden SOB
Usually during sports
Reduced/absent breath sounds
TB
Typical presentation of cancer
May have been abroad or of asian descent
Immunocompromised
HIV, AIDS, immunosuppressive therapy
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on CXR
ZN stain +ve for acid-fast bacilli
pleural effusion
Pleuritic chest pain, worse on breathing/coughing
Dyspnoea
Decreased breath sounds and dullness to percuss of affected side
Dry cough
Stony dull to percuss
pneumonia
coryzal symptoms
Cough (can be productive or non-productive)
Chest pain
swinging fever
croup
6 months - 6 years, mostly <3 y/o
Barking cough
Hoarseness
Stridor
Symptoms worse at night
CF
Constant rest infections in childhood
In children: failure to thrive, meconium ileus, rectal prolapse
Chronic sinusitis
Cor pulmonae, resp failure
asbestosis
Pleural plaque disease
Hx of asbestos exposure eg construction, shipyard worker
Crepitation on auscultation
Dyspnoea
Cough
pulmonary hypertension
Elevated MAP
PMHx of pulmonary vascular disease, hypoventilation, and left heart disease
SOB, fatigue, syncope
Raised JVP
Parasternal heave
Loud S2, presence of S3, pan systolic and end diastolic murmurs
OSA
excessive daytime sleepiness
Lack of concentration
Snoring
Keep waking up in middle of night
Obese
Apnoeic episodes
pneumonia, pet parrot
chlamoydophila pitacci
pneumonia, drinker or immunocompromised
klebsiella
pneumonia, been abroad/water tanks/swimming pools/Spain
legionella
aspiration pneumonia
issues swallowing, excessive alcohol, stroke
community acquired pneumonia
typically strep pneumonea
hospital acquired pneumonia
staph aureus
pneumonia, coxiella
farming
diphtheria
been abroad
severe sore throat with grey-white membrane on pharynx
epiglottitis
drooling in children
anaerobic bacteria in lung
caveating lesions in CXR
foul smelling sputum
lung abscesses
foul smelling sputum
recurrent fever
a history of stroke
finger clubbing
may follow pneumonia
small cell lung cancer
presents with dry cough, weight loss, SOB
smoker
hypokalaemia
squamous cell lung cancer
presents with dry cough, weight loss, SOB
inspiratory monophonic wheeze on auscultation
caveating mass on CXR
smoker
hyperkalaemia and weak bones
adenocarcinoma
presents with dry cough, weight loss, SOB
hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
non-smoker
rust coloured sputum
s. pneumonia
green sputum
pseudomonas, haemophilus
red currant jelly sputum
klebsiella
foul smelling and bad-tasting sputum
anaerobes
respiratory acidosis
deceased pH
increased PaCO2
increased HCO3
respiratory alkalosis
increased PH
decreased PaCO2
decreased HCO3
metabolic acidosis
decreased pH
decreased PaCO2
decreased HCO3
metabolic alkalosis
increased pH
increased PaCO2
increased HCO3
asthma vs COPD
asthma typically younger, dry cough
COPD typically older, smoker, productive cough
positive ziehl-nielsen stain, granulomas
TB
tension pneumothorax
deviated trachea, chest pain
usually following trauma eg road traffic accident
ARDS
bilateral diffuse infiltrates
bilateral lung crackles (with no other signs of heart failure)
