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Year 1 Disease Presentations > Resp Presentations > Flashcards

Resp Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic productive cough
dyspnoea
wheezing
pleuritic chest pain
chronic infections in childhood
Reduced/absent breath sounds at areas distal to places of obstruction, coarse crackles on inspiration and expiration
Signet ring on CT

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2
Q

sarcoidosis

A

20-40 year old, female of afro(caribbean) descent
dry cough
shortness of breath
nodules on skin (erythema nodosum)
Dry crackles
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on CXR

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3
Q

what is lofgren’s syndrome

A

erythema nodosum
bilateral lymphadenopathy
polyarthralgia
(sign of sarcoidosis)

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4
Q

IPF

A

unexplained exertional dyspnoea
chronic dry cough
velcro-like crackling on inspiration
Fine-end inspiratory crackles
fibrosis of lung bases
Hypoxia
Ground-glass on CXR

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5
Q

extrinsic allergic alveolitis

A

history mentions:
works on a farm
works with birds
works with coffee

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6
Q

bronchiolitis

A

coryzal symptoms
respiratory distress
dyspnoea
tachypnoea
typically age <1 year old, mostly <6 months

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7
Q

ARDS

A

Acute severe SOB
Tachypnoeic
Tachycardic
Hypoxaemia

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8
Q

pneumothorax

A

typically tall, thin, white male
Smokers
People with preexisting lung diseases
Pleuritic chest pain and sudden SOB
Usually during sports
Reduced/absent breath sounds

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9
Q

TB

A

Typical presentation of cancer
May have been abroad or of asian descent
Immunocompromised
HIV, AIDS, immunosuppressive therapy
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on CXR
ZN stain +ve for acid-fast bacilli

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10
Q

pleural effusion

A

Pleuritic chest pain, worse on breathing/coughing
Dyspnoea
Decreased breath sounds and dullness to percuss of affected side
Dry cough
Stony dull to percuss

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11
Q

pneumonia

A

coryzal symptoms
Cough (can be productive or non-productive)
Chest pain
swinging fever

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12
Q

croup

A

6 months - 6 years, mostly <3 y/o
Barking cough
Hoarseness
Stridor
Symptoms worse at night

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13
Q

CF

A

Constant rest infections in childhood
In children: failure to thrive, meconium ileus, rectal prolapse
Chronic sinusitis
Cor pulmonae, resp failure

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14
Q

asbestosis

A

Pleural plaque disease
Hx of asbestos exposure eg construction, shipyard worker
Crepitation on auscultation
Dyspnoea
Cough

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15
Q

pulmonary hypertension

A

Elevated MAP
PMHx of pulmonary vascular disease, hypoventilation, and left heart disease
SOB, fatigue, syncope
Raised JVP
Parasternal heave
Loud S2, presence of S3, pan systolic and end diastolic murmurs

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16
Q

OSA

A

excessive daytime sleepiness
Lack of concentration
Snoring
Keep waking up in middle of night
Obese
Apnoeic episodes

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17
Q

pneumonia, pet parrot

A

chlamoydophila pitacci

18
Q

pneumonia, drinker or immunocompromised

A

klebsiella

19
Q

pneumonia, been abroad/water tanks/swimming pools/Spain

A

legionella

20
Q

aspiration pneumonia

A

issues swallowing, excessive alcohol, stroke

21
Q

community acquired pneumonia

A

typically strep pneumonea

22
Q

hospital acquired pneumonia

A

staph aureus

23
Q

pneumonia, coxiella

A

farming

24
Q

diphtheria

A

been abroad
severe sore throat with grey-white membrane on pharynx

25
Q

epiglottitis

A

drooling in children

26
Q

anaerobic bacteria in lung

A

caveating lesions in CXR
foul smelling sputum

27
Q

lung abscesses

A

foul smelling sputum
recurrent fever
a history of stroke
finger clubbing
may follow pneumonia

28
Q

small cell lung cancer

A

presents with dry cough, weight loss, SOB
smoker
hypokalaemia

29
Q

squamous cell lung cancer

A

presents with dry cough, weight loss, SOB
inspiratory monophonic wheeze on auscultation
caveating mass on CXR
smoker
hyperkalaemia and weak bones

30
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

presents with dry cough, weight loss, SOB
hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
non-smoker

31
Q

rust coloured sputum

A

s. pneumonia

32
Q

green sputum

A

pseudomonas, haemophilus

33
Q

red currant jelly sputum

A

klebsiella

34
Q

foul smelling and bad-tasting sputum

A

anaerobes

35
Q

respiratory acidosis

A

deceased pH
increased PaCO2
increased HCO3

36
Q

respiratory alkalosis

A

increased PH
decreased PaCO2
decreased HCO3

37
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

decreased pH
decreased PaCO2
decreased HCO3

38
Q

metabolic alkalosis

A

increased pH
increased PaCO2
increased HCO3

39
Q

asthma vs COPD

A

asthma typically younger, dry cough

COPD typically older, smoker, productive cough

40
Q

positive ziehl-nielsen stain, granulomas

A

TB

41
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

deviated trachea, chest pain
usually following trauma eg road traffic accident

42
Q

ARDS

A

bilateral diffuse infiltrates
bilateral lung crackles (with no other signs of heart failure)

Year 1 Disease Presentations (3 decks)

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