Resp Long Answer Flashcards
What is the clinical term for coughing up blood?
haemoptysis
A 62 year old male smoker has coughed up blood 4 times during the past month. His appetite has been poor and he has lost 1 stone during this period.
Diagnosis?
Lung Cancer
Clinical signs of lung cancer in the hands
finger clubbing
clinical signs of lung cancer palpating the abdomen
hepatomegaly
clinical signs of lung cancer examining his neck
lymphadenopathy
SVC obstruction
tracheal deviation
Lung cancer
give two imagines techniques you would use to define the extent of the. lesion
CXR
CT scan
MRI scan
Lung cancer
apart from imaging - what investigations would you do
biopsy (percutaneous or bronchoscope)
bronchoscopy
4 main histological types of lung cancer
small cell
large undifferentiated cell
squamous
adenocarcinoma
4 organs lung cancer usually spreads to
lymph nodes
adrenal gland
lung
liver
brain
bone
An 18 year old student present to his GP with a three day history of pleuritic chest pain, a productive cough, increasing SOB, fever and anorexia
give 6 possible clinical signs of lower lobe pneumonia / consolidation
tachypnoea
tachycardia
fever
cyanosis
reduced expansion of left chest
dullness to percussion at left base
bronchial breathing at left base
crackles
increased vocal resonance
3 micro-organisms which may cause pneumonia
chlyamydia psittacosis
strep pneumoniae
mycoplasma pneumoniae
staph aureus
haemophilus influenza
Investigations for pneumonia patient
CXR
sputum for culture
FBC
blood culture
serology
mycoplasma IgM
legionella urinary antigen
pneumococcal urinary antigen
two classes of antibiotics that could treat the pneumonia before a bacterial infection?
beta-lactams
macrolides
on admission the pneumonia man has..
temp - 38 Resp Rate - 20bpm BP 98/60mmHg HR 120 bpm Oxygen Saturation 90%
what measures (not antibiotics)
supplementary oxygen
analgesia
IV fluids
Anti-pyretics
