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History & Exam > Resp Exam Signs > Flashcards

Resp Exam Signs Flashcards

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1
Q

Cyanosis

A

Poor circulation
- peripheral vasoconstriction (hypovolaemia)

Inadequate oxygenation of blood
- L-R cardiac shunting

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2
Q

SOB

A
  • asthma
  • pulmonary oedema
  • pulmonary fibrosis
  • LC
  • COPD
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3
Q

Cough

A

Productive
- pneumonia
- bronchiectasis
- COPD
- CF

Dry
- asthma
- ILD

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4
Q

Pallor

A

Anaemia
- haemorrhage
- chronic disease

Poor perfusion
- CHF

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5
Q

Cachexia

A

Malignancy (LC)
ESRD (COPD)

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6
Q

Cyanosis

A

Hypoxaemia

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7
Q

Tar staining

A

Smoking
- COPD
- LC

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8
Q

Bruising/thinning of skin

A

Long-term steroid use
- asthma
- COPD
- ILD

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9
Q

Joint swelling/deformity

A

RA
- pleural effusions
- pulmonary fibrosis

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10
Q

Clubbing (loss of Schamroth’s window)

A
  • LC
  • ILD
  • CF
  • bronchiectasis
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11
Q

Fine tremor

A

B2-agonist (salbutamol)

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12
Q

Asterixis

A

CO2 retention

T2RF
- COPD

Metabolic
- uraemia
- hepatic encephalopathy

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13
Q

Bounding pulse

A

CO2 retention (T2RF)

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14
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

(pulse wave volume decreases during inspiratory phase)

  • cardiac tamponade
  • severe acute asthma
  • severe COPD exacerbation
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15
Q

Prolonged expiratory phase

A
  • COPD
  • asthma exacerbation
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16
Q

Bradypnoea

A

Opiate overdose

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17
Q

Tachypnoea

A
  • Acute asthma
  • Respiratory compensation of metabolic disease
  • anxiety
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18
Q

Raised JVP (>3cm above sternal angle)

A

(IJV medial to SCM, double waveform pulsation)

PHTN
- RHF (COPD, ILD)
= cor pulmonale

  • CHF
  • Tricuspid regurg
  • constrictive pericarditis
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19
Q

Plethoric complexion

A

Polycythaemia (COPD)
CO2 retention (T2RF)

20
Q

Conjunctival pallor

A

Anaemia

21
Q

Ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos, anhydrosis

A

Horner’s syndrome
(damage to sympathetic trunk; LC (Pancoast tumour))

22
Q

Oral candidiasis

A

Steroid inhaler use (can prescribe spacer to reduce mouth irritation)

23
Q

Thoracic scars

A

Median sternotomy (midline) - CABG
Axillary thoracotomy (triangle of safety) - chest drain
Posterolat thoracotomy (scapula) - lobectomy, pneumonectomy, oesophageal surgery
Infraclavicular - pacemaker

24
Q

Xerox is, scale, hyperkeratosis, depigmentation, telangiectasia

A

RTx-associated skin changes (LC)

25
Q

Asymmetrical chest wall

A

Pneumonectomy - LC
Total PTX
Thoracoplasty - TB

26
Q

Barrel chest

A

Hyperexpansion
- asthma
- COPD

27
Q

Tracheal deviation

A

Away
- tension PTX
- large pleural effusions

Towards
- lobar collapse
- pneumonectomy

28
Q

Abnormal cricosternal distance

A

Hyperinflation
- asthma
- COPD

29
Q

Displaced apex beat

A
  • RVH (PHTN, COPD, ILD)
  • large pleural effusion
  • tension PTX
30
Q

Reduced chest expansion

A

Bilateral
- pulmonary fibrosis

Ipsilateral
- PTX
- pneumonia
- pleural effusion

31
Q

Chest stony dull on percussion

A

Pleural effusion

32
Q

Chest hyper-resonant on percussion

A

PTX, pneumonectomy

33
Q

Increased vocal resonance

A

Increased tissue density:
- consolidation
- tumour
- lobar collapse

34
Q

Decreased vocal resonance

A

Fluid in pleural space:
- pleural effusion

35
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

Normal

36
Q

Bronchial breath sounds

A

Insp=exp; pause; harsh

  • consolidation
37
Q

Reduced breath sounds

A
  • pleural effusion
  • PTX
38
Q

Wheeze

A

Expiratory:
- asthma
- COPD
- bronchiectasis

39
Q

Stridor

A

Inspiratory wheeze:
- aspiration (foreign body)
- subglottic stenosis

40
Q

Coarse crackles

A
  • pneumonia
  • bronchiectasis
  • pulmonary oedema
41
Q

Fine end-inspiratory crackles

A

(Velcro/snow)
- pulmonary fibrosis

42
Q

Pleural rub

A
  • PTX
  • pneumonia
43
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A
  • LC mets
  • TB
  • Sarcoidosis
44
Q

Pitting oedema (sacral & pedal)

A

CHF

45
Q

Swollen, warm, tender, erythematous calves (+/- visible superficial veins)

A

DVT

46
Q

Erythema nodosum

A

Sarcoidosis

History & Exam (8 decks)

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