Resp Disorder 2: Asthma Flashcards
What signs will you see on examination w/ asthma?
Elevated RR Inability to complete sentence Audible wheeze Tachycardia Peripheral/ central cyanosis
Symptoms of asthma?
Wheeze, cough, chest tightness, SOB
Signs of asthma?
Eczema, nasal polyps, cushings - excess steroid, wheeze
How use spacer in emergency situation?
10 puffs of salbutamol - initially give 4 puffs than 2 puffs every 2 mins up to 10
What would put pt at risk of developing severe asthma?
Previous admissions
Require 3+ class medication
Heavy use beta-agonist
Behaviour: non-complication, learning difficulty, psychosis
Explain stepwise asthma control?
Step 1: short acting beta agonist
Step 2: Preventer - steroid inhaler
Step 3: Preventer - long acting beta agonist
Step 4: Increase steroid dose (montelukast)
Step 5: oral steroids
What is omalizumab - who is it used for?
Decreases sensitivity to allergen - used control severe asthma
Pt on continuous oral steroid or those 4x severe exacerbations
What is interleukin 5?
Involved in bone marrow eosinophil maturation - involved inflammatory pathway of asthma
What are the major types of lung cancer?
Non-small cell lung carcinoma: squamous cell, adenocarincoma
Small-cell lung carcinoma
Symptoms of lung cancer?
SOB, chest pain, cough, haemopytsisi, weight loss, lethargy, low appetite
Signs lung cancer?
Cachexia, finger nail clubbing, horners syndrome, palpable liver
Manage NSCLC?
Surgical resection
Chemo and radiotherapy
Manage SCLC?
Radio and chemo
Can’t have surgery - metastasise too quickly
Types of asthma?
- Atopic - pollen, pet dander, dust mite faeces
- Intrinsic - stress, cold, exercise
- Occupational
- Aspirin induced
Why do you get histamine release in asthma?
Cross linking of receptor bound IgE ab to mast cell - causes degranulation and histamine release
