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1ST YR RESP > Resp Diseases > Flashcards

Resp Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are these symptoms signs of?

  • Cough green sputum or bloodstained
  • Sometimes GI symptoms present (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia)
A

Legionella Pneumonia

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2
Q

What is the treatment for sleep apnoea?

A
  • Weight loss
  • Tobacco and alcohol cessation
  • CPAP via nasal mask during sleep
  • Surgery relieving pharyngeal obstruction
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3
Q

What is the treatment for epiglottis?

A
  • ITU (secure airways)

- Ceftriaxone (antibiotic)

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4
Q

What complications can bronchiolitis cause to babies?

A
  • Resp failure
  • Cardiac Failure
  • Prematurity
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5
Q

What is this condition?

  • Watery fluid build up in lungs
  • Difficult to breathe
  • Often caused by heart failure, high altitude exposure, acute resp distress syndrome, kidney failure and lung damage
A

Pulmonary Oedema

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6
Q

What is this condition?

  • Chronic bronchitis and emphysema combined which causes loss of elasticity
  • Mucus secretion
  • Inflammation of neutrophils
  • Scarring
  • Airway obstruction with little to no reversibility
  • Smoking cessation improves symptoms
A

COPD

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7
Q

What is this condition?

  • Severe croup in children
  • Could progress to respiratory obstruction in children ages 2-7
  • Haemophilus Influenza B is the most common cause
A

Epiglottis

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8
Q

What is the one symptom of silicosis?

A

Progressive dyspnoea

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9
Q

What conditions do these symptoms indicate?

  • Dyspnoea (laboured breathing)
  • Fatigue or syncope (temp loss of consciousness)
  • Cyanosed
  • Tachycardic
  • Raised JVP
  • RV heave pansystolic murmur
A

Cor Pulmonale

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10
Q

What is the treatment for croup?

A

Oral steroid
- this reduces inflammation
Supportive Care

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11
Q

What is this condition?…

  • complication of pneumonia
  • Pus in the pleural space
A

Empyema

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12
Q

What are the complications of berylliosis?

A

Increased risk of lung cancers

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13
Q

What are these symptoms likely to be?

  • Dry cough
  • Serious dyspnoea
  • Malaise (discomfort)
  • Weight loss
  • Arthralgia (pain in a joint)
  • cyanosis
  • finger clubbing
  • fine end inspiratory crepitations
  • crackles
A

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

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14
Q

What would this condition be?

  • chronic lung response to an allergy
  • chronic lung disease due to exposure to beryllium
  • occupational lung disease
  • associated with aerospace manufacturing
A

Berylliosis

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15
Q

What are these symptoms signs of?

  • Acute SOB
  • Collapse
  • Pleuritic chest pain
  • Haemoptysis
  • Sudden death
  • Tachypnoea
  • Hypotension
  • Cardioreps arrest
  • Tachycardia
  • Pleural rub
  • Loss of pulmonary vasculature on CXR
  • Pleural effusion
  • Consolidation on CXR
A

Pulmonary Embolism

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16
Q

What are the complications of pneumonia?

A
  • Resp Failure
  • Hypotension
  • Atrial Fibrillation
  • Empyema
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Lung Abscess
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17
Q

What is the line of treatment for a tension pneumothorax?

A
  • High flow oxygen
  • Needle decompression
  • usually with large bore cannula, 2nd intercostal space anteriorly
  • Chest drain in the mid clavicular line
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18
Q

What is the treatment for empyema?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Chest tube drainage
  • Supportive care
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19
Q

What is CPAP?

A

Treatment using mild air pressure to keep the airways open

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20
Q

What is used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A
  • Supportive care
  • Smoking cessation
  • Pulmonary rehab
  • Oxygen
  • Antifibrotic therapy
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21
Q

These are all symptoms of what condition?

  • Dyspnoea (laboured breathing)
  • Cough
  • Normal chest exam
  • Crackles when auscultating
  • Wheeze
  • Some dullness on percussion
  • Cyanosis
  • Barrel chest
  • Clubbing
  • Weight loss
A

Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis

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22
Q

What is the treatment for cor pulmonale?

A
  • treat the underlying cause (eg. COPD or pulmonary infections)
  • Diuretics for heart failure
  • 24% oxygen for pulmonary failure
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23
Q

What are these symptoms signs of?

  • Producing pink frothy sputum
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
  • Shortness of breath
  • Require extra pillows at night
A

Pulmonary Oedema

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24
Q

Side effects for pyrazinamide? P

A

Hepatitis
Vomiting
Hyperuricaemia

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25
Q

What is this condition?

  • common cold
  • anti viral infection of nasal passages
  • the main cause are rhinoviruses
  • patient producing purulent nasal discharge
A

Coryza

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26
Q

What condition do these symptoms indicate?

  • Resolving pneumonia with a recurrent fever developed
  • Dullness when percussing
  • Low breath sounds
  • Low vocal resonance
  • Pleuritic chest pain
  • Productive cough
A

Empyema

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27
Q

What is a MAJOR classification of PE?

A
  • Right ventricular dysfunction

- Normal right ventricular function

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28
Q

What is the type of bacterial pneumonia likely to be in patients with COPD or recent flu?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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29
Q

What can bronchiectasis lead to?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Pleural effusion
  • Pneumothorax (collapsed lung, air leaks into between lung and chest wall)
  • Haemotpysis
  • Cerebral Abscess
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30
Q

What is this condition?

  • Acute respiratory tract illness
  • Associated with fever
  • Infection that inflames the air sacs
A

Pneumonia

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31
Q

What condition is this?

  • Idiopathic (unknown cause) interstitial pneumonia
  • Infiltration of inflammatory cells
  • Most common cause of interstitial lung disease
A

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

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32
Q

What is this condition?

  • infection of the upper airway
  • obstructs breathing
  • causes barking cough
A

Croup

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33
Q

What is emphysema?

A
  • Over-inflation of the alveoli
  • Causes shortness of breath
  • Gas exchange is impaired
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34
Q

What are the symptoms indicating?

  • Loud snoring
  • Daytime somnolence (sleepiness)
  • Poor sleep quality
  • Morning headache
  • Decreased libido
  • Decreased cognitive performance
A

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

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35
Q

What is the line of treatment for a lung abscess?

A
  • Antibitoics IV
  • Postural Drainage

2nd Line:
- Surigcal Intervention

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36
Q

What can coryza lead to?

A
  • sinusitis

- acute bronchitis

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37
Q

What is this condition?

  • fixed abnormal dilation of the bronchi
  • due to infection which causes fibrous scarring
  • the dilated airways accumulate sceretions of pus
A

Bronchiectasis

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38
Q

What condition would this line of treatment be used for?

A
  • smoking cessation
  • management of symptoms/support
  • pulmonary rehab
  • oxygen therapy
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39
Q

What are the side effects for rifampicin? R

A

Orange bodily fluids

Increased liver metabolism

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40
Q

What can coal workers pneumoconiosis lead to?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

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41
Q

Line of treatment for ACUTE asthma?

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Nebulised SABA and ipratropium bromide
  3. Prednisolone/ hydrocortisone
  4. Magnesium sulphate or refer to ICU if that doesn’t work
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42
Q

What condition are these symptoms indicative of?

In Newborns (neonate)

  • Meconium Ileus (bowel obstruction)
  • Rectal prolapse (rectum turning inside out)

In Children and Young Adults

  • Cough
  • Wheeze
  • Prone to infections
  • Bronchiectasis (dilated bronchioles)
  • Pneumothorax
  • Haemoptysis
  • Resp Failure
  • Cor pulmonale (hear failure)
  • Weight loss
  • Pancreatic Insufficiency
  • Gallstones
  • Cirrhosis (impaired liver)
A

Cystic Fibrosis

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43
Q

What are the complications that COPD can lead to?

A
  • Heart failure (Cor pulmonale)

- Type 2 resp failure

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44
Q

What is this condition?

  • Tumour of the mesothelial cells (lines several body cavities)
  • Usually occurs in the pleura
  • Associated to exposure to asbestos through occupation
A

Mesothelioma

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45
Q

What are these symptoms indicating?

  • Swinging fever
  • Cough
  • Foul smelling sputum
  • Pleuritic chest pain
  • hameoptysis
  • malaise
  • unexplained weight loss
A

Lung abscess

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46
Q

What is the treatment for legionella pneumonia?

A

Erythromycin

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47
Q

What is this condition?

- Disease caused by the inhalation of droplets of water contaminated by the bacteria - LEGIONELLA

A

Legionella Pneumonia

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48
Q

What is a MASSIVE classification of a PE?

A

With shock or syncope (loss of consciousness)

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49
Q

What is the treatment for a massive pulmonary embolism?

A
  • Thrombolysis (dissolution of blood clot) or surgery
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50
Q

What is a tension pneumothorax?

A
  • Air is trapped in the pleural cavity under positive pressure
  • Displaces mediastinal structures
  • Compromises cardiopulmonary structures
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51
Q

What is this condition?
- Inhalation of allergens causing a hypersensitivity reaction

Acute Phase:
- Acute inflammatory cells infiltrate the alveoli

Chronic:

  • Granuloma formation
  • Obliterative bronchiolitis occurs
A

Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis

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52
Q

What is the test used to identify a panic attack?

A

Metabolic Alkalosis on ABGs (pH)

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53
Q

What is the treatment for berylliosis?

A
  • no cure

- to cope with it use oxygen, steroids and supportive care

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54
Q

What is this condition?

  • Autosomal recessive condition affecting only caucasians
  • Thick mucus clogs digestive system and lungs
  • Reduces life expectancy
A

Cystic Fibrosis

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55
Q

What is this condition?

  • From inhaled coal dust particles
  • When macrophages ingest coal dust particles which die and release their enzyme which causes fibrosis
A

Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis

56
Q

What is the treatment for Pertussis (whooping cough)?

A

Infants: azithromycin or clarithromycin

Kids: Macrolide

Adults: Macrolide

Pregnant Adults: Erythromycin

57
Q

What condition do these symptoms indicate?

  • Non-vaccination with Hib vaccine
  • Sore throat
  • Acute distress
  • Fever
  • Dyspnoea
  • DROOLING
  • Decreased oral intake
  • Stridor (high pitched wheezing sound)
A

Epiglottis

58
Q

What are the most common bacterial organisms present in the acute exacerbation of COPD?

A
  • H Influenza
  • Streptococcus pneumonia
  • Moraxella catarrhalis

(all present in the upper respiraory tract flora)

59
Q

What is this condition?

  • Multisystem granulomatous (inflammation)
  • Unknown cause
  • Causes pulmonary fibrosis
  • Mainly in upper lobes
  • Occurs in northern europe in female adults - afro-caribbean
A

Sarcoidosis

60
Q

What is the treatment for mesothelioma?

A
  • Surgery
  • Chemo
  • Radiotherapy
  • Palliative Care
  • Pleurodesis 9 talc to scar the pleura together preventing the build up of fluid)
  • Pleural catheter
61
Q

What is pertussis another name for?

A

Whooping cough (infection)

62
Q

These symptoms are signs of what condition?

  • repeating episodes of dyspnoea (laboured breathing)
  • cough and wheeze caused by airway obstruction that is reversible
  • airway narrowing
A

Asthma

63
Q

What is the treatment for non-small cell tumours?

A
  • SURGERY for peripheral tumours with no metastases (secondary growth)
  • CURATIVE RADIOTHERAPY if respiratory reserve is poor (volume of air inhaled after normal inspiration)
64
Q

What is this condition?

  • Inflammation of the bronchi
  • Occlusion (blocking/ closing of bronchi)
  • Normally due to Syncytial Virus
  • Normally occurs in babies (1-2 yrs)
A

Bronchiolitis

65
Q

What are these symptoms signs of?

  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Myalgia (pain in muscle)
  • Headache
  • Cough
  • Prostration (lying down)
A

Influenza

66
Q

What is this condition?

  • In coal workers with rheumatoid arthritis
  • Multiple lung nodules
  • Inflammatory reaction to external antigen
A

Caplan’s Syndrome

67
Q

What is the line of treatment for coal worker’s pneumoconiosis?

A
  • Smoking cessation
  • Remove occupational exposure
  • Compensation advice
68
Q

What is this condition?

  • Inhalation of silica particles causes this
  • Fibrogenic particles (promoting development of fibres)
A

Silicosis

69
Q

What are the complications of obstructive sleep apnoea?

A
  • Pulmonary Hypertension (increased blood pressure within arteries)
  • Type 2 resp failure
70
Q

What is this condition?

  • Right sided heart failure
  • Caused by chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension (high BP)
A

Cor Pulmonale

71
Q

What are the causes of Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis?

A
  • Bird Fancier’s Lung (proteins in bird droppings)
  • Farmer and Mushroom worker’s lung
  • Malt workers lung
    Bagassosis or sugar workers lung
72
Q

What is the treatment for small cell tumours?

A
  • PALLIATION
    as they are nearly always disseminated at presentation (spread)
    may respond to chemo but theres usually a relapse
73
Q

What are the signs of acute exacerbation of COPD?

A
  • Increased breathlessness

- Increased volume and purulence of sputum

74
Q

What is the RIPE acronym used for?

A

Remembering the drugs for TB

  • rifampicin
  • isoniazid
  • pyrazinamide
  • ethambutol
75
Q

Condition caused by inhalation of asbestos fibres

A

Asbestosis

76
Q

What condition are these clinical presentations all indicating?

  • cough
  • HAEMOPTYSIS
  • dyspnoea (laboured breathing)
  • stridor (high pitched wheezing sound)
  • chest pain
  • slowly resolving or recurrent pneumonia
  • hoarseness
  • seizures
  • facial swelling
  • dilated chest/neck/abdomen veins
  • unexplained weight loss
  • cachexia (wasting away of body and weakness)
  • clubbing
  • anaemia
  • consolidation
  • collapse
  • pleural effusion (build up of fluid on layers of pleura)
A

Bronchial Carcinoma

77
Q

What are the complications of sacroidosis?

A
  • Infections
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Progressive fibrotic lung disease
  • Pulmonary hypertension
78
Q

What are the three factors that contribute to airway narrowing?

A
  • bronchial muscle contraction
  • mucosal swelling/ inflammation (eosinophils and mast cell degranulation cause this which releases inflammatory mediators)
  • increased mucus production
79
Q

What is the bacterial pneumonia likely to be in patients with birds?

A

Chlamydia psittaci

80
Q

What are these symptoms indicative of?

  • Cyanosis
  • Peripheral vasodilation
  • Bilateral inspiratory crackles
A

Respiratory Distress

81
Q

What is this condition?

  • Collapsed lung
  • Air leaks into space between lung and chest wall
  • Spontaneous
  • Due to rupture of a sub pleural bullae
  • Many other causes eg. asthma and COPD
A

Pneumothorax

82
Q

What is the bacterial pneumonia likely to be in patients that are around sheep?

A

Coxiella burnetti

83
Q

What condition do these symptoms indicate?

  • constant cough
  • lots of purulent sputum (pus like)
  • intermittent haemoptysis
  • finger clubbing
  • coarse inspiratory creps
  • wheeze
A

Bronchiectasis

84
Q

What is this condition?

  • Bacterial Infection of the respiratory tract
  • Recent trip to SE Asia/ India may cause this
A

Tuberculosis

85
Q

What is the line of treatment for CHRONIC asthma?

A
  1. SABA as needed
  2. Standard dose ICS with SABA if it is required more than once daily
    • Add a LABA, if this is not adequate, increase dose of ICS
    • If LABA does not help stop it and consider increasing ICS
  4. If asthma is poorly controlled increase ICS and add a 4th drug (e.g. theophyline or montelukast)
  5. Add oral prednisolone and refer to specialist
86
Q

What is the line of treatment for tuberculosis?

A

2 months:

  • rifampicin
  • isoniazid
  • pyrazinamide
  • ethambutol

4 months:

  • rifampicin
  • isoniazid
87
Q

What is the treatment for pulmonary oedema?

A
  • First treat underlying cause
  • Oxygen
  • Diuretics
  • Nitrates
88
Q

What is the treatment for respiratory distress?

A
  • Oxygen

- Mechanical Ventilation

89
Q

What are the causes of influenza?

A

Aetiology:

  • Influenza A, B
  • Flu like illnesses (parainfluenza viruses)
  • Haemophillus Influenza
90
Q

What condition are these symptoms indicative of?

  • Occurs gradually
  • Cough
  • Sputum
  • Malaise
  • Weight loss
  • Night sweats
  • Haemoptysis
  • Breathlessness
  • Upper zone crackles
A

Tuberculosis

91
Q

What are these symptoms indicating?

  • May be no symptoms
  • Possible sudden onset of dyspnoea and/or pleuritic pain
  • reduced expansion
  • hyper resonance
  • diminished breath sounds on affected side
  • possible trachea deviation if tension

Patients with asthma or COPD…
- May experience rapid deterioration

A

Pneumothorax

92
Q

Treatment for a minor PE?

A
  • Anticoagulants (LMWH) low molecular weight heparin

- Oxygen

93
Q

What is the treatment for an acute respiratory infection in patients with cystic fibrosis?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Increase physio
  • Increase bronchodilators
  • Increase mucolytic
94
Q

What is this condition?

  • Area of infection with pus forming within the lung
  • Cause: Pneumonia insufficiently treated, alcoholism, oesophageal obstruction, pulmonary infarction, septic emboli, sub phrenic or hepatic abscess
A

Lung Abscess

95
Q

How to treat CHRONIC COPD?

A

(Depends on gold stage)

  1. Mild = SAMA/SABA prn
  2. Moderate = LAMA (DO NOT use LAMA and SAMA together)
  3. Severe = LABA + ICS (combo inhaler) (ICS cannot be used alone)
  4. V Severe = ICS/LABA/LAMA
96
Q

What condition does these symptoms indicate?

  • In young baby
  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Wheeze
  • Coryza (inflamed nose mucous membrane)
A

Bronchiolitis

97
Q

Treatment for major PE with normal right ventricular function and low bleeding risk?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Thrombolysis
  • Anticoagulants (warfarin)
98
Q

What condition are these symptoms signs of?

  • Chronic dyspnoea (shortness of breath)
  • Sputum production
  • Minimal FEV1 variation
  • Tachypnoea (rapid breathing)
  • Wheeze
  • Use of accessory muscles
  • Poor air movement on auscultation
  • Decreased expansion
  • Resonant/ hyper resonant percussion note
  • Quiet breath sounds
  • Wheeze
  • Cor pulmonale (high BP in pulmonary arteries causing heart failure on right side)
A

COPD

99
Q

What is the line of treatment for a pneumothorax?

A

If Small and asymptomatic
- No treatment

If due to trauma or mechanical ventilation

  • Chest drain
  • less than 2cm: observe and give oxygen
  • more than 2cm: percutaneous aspiration and oxygen

2nd Line: chest drain

All in the 4th or 5th intercostal space, midaxillary line

100
Q

What is this condition?

  • Intermittent closure/collapse of the pharyngeal airway
  • Causes apnoeic episode during sleep (stopping breathing)
  • Terminated by partial arousal (waking up)
A

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

101
Q

What are these symptoms indicative of?

  • Cold symptoms
  • Paroxysmal cough (frequent and violent coughing) lasting two weeks
  • Vomiting
  • Residual cough for one month
A

Pertussis (whooping cough)

102
Q

What are these symptoms signs of?

  • Discovered accidentally on routine CXR
  • Can be asymtpomatic
  • Acute: presents with erythema nodosum (skin inflammation) and polyathralgia (pain in joints)

Pulmonary Disease:

  • Dry cough
  • Progressive dyspnoea
  • Reduced fitness
  • Chest pain

Non-Pulmonary:

  • Lymphadenopathy (abnormal sized lymphnodes)
  • Heptomegaly (enlarged liver)
  • Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
  • Uveitis (eye inflammation)
  • Conjuctivitis
A

Sarcoidosis

103
Q

Side effects for ethambutol? E

A

Colour blindness

104
Q

What is the line of treatment for sarcoidosis?

A
  • Steroids if vital organs are affected
  • Immunosuppresion (required to suppress hyperactive immune system thats causing the inflammation)
  • Monitor CXR and pulmonary function tests over years
105
Q

What are these symptoms indicating?

  • Fever
  • Rigors
  • Malaise
  • Anorexia
  • Dyspnoea
  • Cough
  • Purulent Sputum
  • Haemoptysis
  • Pleuritic Pain
  • Cyanosis
  • Confusion
  • Tachypnoea
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Consolidation
  • Pleural Rub
A

Pneumonia

106
Q

Side effects for isoniazid? I

A

Neuropathy

Hepatitis (inflamed liver)

107
Q

What happens when…

  • CFTR gene mutates
  • Cl- is not able to get out of the cell
  • Na+ is able to get into the cell with water
  • Making secretions outside the cell very thick and mucus like
A

Cystic Fibrosis occurs

108
Q

What is this condition?

Viral infection that attacks the respiratory system

A

Influenza

109
Q

What is the treatment for cystic fibrosis?

A
  • Chest physiotherapy
  • Inhaled bronchodilator
  • Inhaled mucolytic (makes mucus less thick and sticky)
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • ICS
  • Ivacaftor (aims to open up G551D gene to open channel to allow Cl- to move out of cell)
  • Monitor and optimise nutrition
  • Lung transplant
110
Q

What is the method of antibiotics for pneumonia?

A

Based on CURB65 score…

0-2: Amoxicillin
3-5: co-amoxiclav IV and clarithromycin or levofloxacin
Severe: IV amoxicillin, metronidazole and gentamicin
Non-severe: Amoxicillin and metronidazole

111
Q

What are the causes of a pulmonary embolism?

A
  • Surgery
  • Immobility
  • Long-haul flight
  • Oral contraceptive
112
Q

What is the line of treatment for Pneumonia?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Fluids
  • Bed rest
  • Smoking cessation
  • Antibiotics
  • CPAP (assess curb65 score)
113
Q
  • progressive dyspnoea
  • clubbing
  • fine-end respiratpory crackles
  • pleural plaques
    are all signs of what condition?
A

Asbestosis

114
Q

What condition are these symptoms signs of?

  • Stridor
  • Barking cough
  • Respiratory Distress
  • Fatigue
  • Hypoxia
A

Croup

115
Q

How to treat ACUTE COPD?

A
  1. 24-28`% oxygen
  2. High dosed nebulised salbutamol and ipratropium bromide
  3. Oral prednisolone
  4. Amoxicillin/doxycycline
  5. Intubation

(Use antibiotics if sputum contains pus - purulent)

116
Q

What are the complications that may occur from asbestosis?

A
  • increased risk of bronchial adenocarcinoma

- increased risk of bronchial mesothelioma

117
Q

When does acute exacerbation of COPD occur?

A
  • Follow a viral infection

- Fall in atmospheric temperature

118
Q

What is the treatment for extrinsic alergic alveolitis?

A
  • Remove Allergen
  • Give oxygen
  • Oral prednisolone
119
Q

How do we treat bronchiolitis?

A
  • Support
  • Oxygen
  • Ventilation when necessary
  • Cohort nursing
120
Q

What are the complications of influenza?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Bronchitis
  • Otitis Media (ear infection)
121
Q

What is the most common type of bacterial pneumonia in alcoholics?

A

Klebsiella Pneumonia

122
Q 
What is this condition?
Neonatal (newborns)
- Relative surfactant deficiency
- 1% of all births
- Mainly preterm babies
- Impaired gas exchange

Adults
- Diffuse alveolar damage

A

Respiratory Distress

123
Q

What is Chronic Bronchitis?

A
  • Inflamed bronchial tubes producing a lot of mucus

- Cough

124
Q

What is the 1st line of treatment for bronchiectasis?

A
  • Exercise and improved nutrition
  • Therapy to clear airway
  • Antibiotics relating to pathogen sensitivities
125
Q

What is the treatment for influenza?

A
  • Antivirals

Prevention:

  • Killed vaccine
  • Live attenuated vaccine given to kids
126
Q

What is the most and least fibrogenic (promoting develpment of fibres) substance for asbestosis?

A

Chrysotile (white asbestos) - least fibrogenic

Crocidolite (blue asbestos) - most fibrogenic

127
Q

What increases the risk of bronchial carcinoma?

A

Smoking

128
Q

What is the treatment for acute exacerbation of COPD?

A

If increased sputum purulence = antibiotics
No increased sputum purulence = no antibiotics unless consolidation on CXR or signs of pneumonia

1st Line of Treatment = amoxicillin
2nd Line of Treatment = doxycycline

129
Q
  • cough
  • shortness of breath
  • chest pain
  • joint aches
  • weight loss
  • fever
  • spirometry test showing restrictive pattern
    all show signs of what condition?
A

Berylliosis

130
Q

What do pulmonary function tests measure?

A
  • Lung volume
  • Capacity
  • Rate of flow
  • Gas exchange
131
Q

What are these symptoms indicative of?

  • Occurs 4-6 hours after exposure
  • Fever
  • Rigors (shivering with a high temperature)
  • Myalgia
  • Dry Cough
  • Dyspnoea
  • Crackles (no wheeze)
A

Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis

132
Q

What condition do these symptoms indicate?

  • Chest pain
  • Dyspnoea
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Finger clubbing
  • Recurrent pleural effusions
  • Signs of metastases
  • History of working with asbestos
A

Mesothelioma

133
Q

What is the most common type of bacteria that cause pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

134
Q

Treatment for major PE with right ventricular dysfuntion?

A
  • Anticoagulants

- Thrombolysis

135
Q

What is this condition?

  • Blockage in a pulmonary artery in the lungs
  • Arises from a venous thrombosis in pelvis or legs
  • Clots break off and pass through veins and right side of heart
A

Pulmonary Embolism

1ST YR RESP (8 decks)

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