resp disease

Question 1

7 causes of pneumonia

Answer 1

bacteria, viruses, fungi, tuberculosis, anaerobic oraganisms, aspiration of gastric content

Question 2

which type of pneumonia causes destruction of the lung tissue

Answer 2

necrotizing pneumonia

Question 3

bundle packages include? (vent acquired pneumonia) (spit back)

Answer 3

proton pump inhibitors, HOB >35, sedation vacation, minimal breaking of the circuit, DVT prophylaxis

Question 4

Bacterial pneumonia

Answer 4

onset- abrupt
fever- increased, chills
sputum- large, thick
CXR- lobar consolidation
WBCs- increased

Question 5

Viral Pneumonia

Answer 5

onset- gradual
fever- low grade, no chills
sputum- minimal, thin mucoid 
CXR- diffuse
WBCs- decreased, normal

Question 6

General Symptoms of pneumonia

Answer 6

increased RR&HR, cough, hypoxemia, chest pain, fever, dyspnea, hyperreasonant, increased fremitus

Question 7

1. 80% of all bacterial pneumonias are cause by what?

2. What are they sensitive to?

Answer 7

1- streptococcal pneumonae

2- penicillin

Question 8

two types of pneumonias that tend to follow viral infections?

Answer 8

• stapyloccocal pnuemonae

- haemophilus influenzae

Question 9

which type of pneumonia is associated with alcohols? (red currant jelly sputum)

Answer 9

klesbiella

Question 10

which pneumonia is caused by breathing in spores?

Answer 10

fungal

Question 11

which type of organism grow in warm moist environments such as contaminated Respiratory care equipment?

Answer 11

pseudomonas

Question 12

6 causes of viral pneumonia?

Answer 12

influenza virus, RSV, adenovirus, human metapnuemovirus, COVID, para influenza

Question 13

which viral organism is responsible for croup cases?

Answer 13

parainfluenza type 1

Question 14

which viral organism thrives in cold, dry environment?

Answer 14

haemophilus influenza

Question 15

which virus will every person have by they time they are several years old?

Answer 15

RSV, respiratory syncytial virus

Question 16

fatal cases of viral pneumonia are associated with?

Answer 16

adenovirus

Question 17

types of pneumonia associated with ticks, fleas, lice, Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

Answer 17

rickettsiae

Question 18

cause of pneumonia is benign in kids but in adults can cause a secondary pneumonitis

Answer 18

varicella “chicken pox”

Question 19

which type of pneumonia is associated with feces of birds such as pigeons, parakeets, and parrots

Answer 19

chlamydia psittaci

Question 20

according to the CDC what is the most common type of pneumonia in children and what does it cause?

Answer 20

chlamydial, causes cilia to paralyze

Question 21

fatal form of pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients and AIDS patients

Answer 21

pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Question 22

what cause of pneumonia is from the herpes virus family and is the most common viral complication of AIDS?

Answer 22

CMV, cytomegalovirus

Question 23

which pneumonia is associated with young adults and is often referred to as “walking pneumonia”

Answer 23

mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 24

pneumonia caused by what leads to many complications due to the overwhelming involvement of the resp tract mucosa?

Answer 24

rubella

Question 25

anaerobes are often associated with the formation of pneumonia due to?

Answer 25

aspiration pneumonia

Question 26

what medicine is used to treat MRSA?

Answer 26

vancomycin

Question 27

what fungus is associated with pigeons droppings and also occurs in patients with AIDS and those under steroid therapy?

Answer 27

cryptococcus pnotormans

Question 28

what are the causes of aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 28

gastric acid, foreign body fluid, infection

Question 29

what is dysphasia?

Answer 29

abnormal swallow involving oral pharyngeal or esophageal phases

Question 30

CXR finding of pneumonia

Answer 30

``` increased density (consolidation and atelectasis) air bronchograms, pleural effusions, ```

Question 31

criteria for classification of severe pneumonia (spit back)

Answer 31

``` RR > 30 @ rest PaO2 < 60 0n FiO2 > 30 Xray- multiple lobe involvement low urine output shock (BP 90/60) HR less then 50 or greater then 100 ```

Question 32

predisposing factors regarding pneumonia

Answer 32

- airway disease - poor cough - reduced gag reflex and aspiration - lack of hand washing - lack of sterile equipment

Question 33

what are bodys protective mechanisms to resp irritants (spit back)

Answer 33

- cough - sneeze - gag relfex - ciliary movement

Question 34

management of pneumonia?

Answer 34

- resp care treatment protocol - 02 therapy protocol - bronchial hygiene - medication - antibodies - analgesics - thoracentesis

Question 35

anatomical alterations of tuberculosis

Answer 35

- fibrosis secondary cavicvtation - cascous tubercles or granuloma - alveolar consolidation

Question 36

how is TB diagnosed?

Answer 36

0.1 ml of PPD (man two test) quantiferium gold acid fast sputum sample CXR

Question 37

what symptoms to people with TB complain of?

Answer 37

``` fatigue night sweats chronic cough hemoptysis weight loss ```

Question 38

specific clinical manifestations associated with TB

Answer 38

swollen lymph nodes

Question 39

what are abnormal lab tests seen in the patient w TB

Answer 39

positive skin test | positive acid fast bacillus stains and sputum culture

Question 40

CXR of pt with TB

Answer 40

``` increased opactum pleural effusion calcification and fibrosis retraction of lung segments right ventricular enlargement Ghon's complex ```

Question 41

management of TB

Answer 41

``` first 8 weeks - isonazia (INH) - rifampin - ethambutol - pyrazinamide Remaining time - INH and Rifampin ```

Question 42

Anatomical alterations of pulmonary edema

Answer 42

1. intercostal edema 2. alveolar flooding 3. increased surface tension 4. alveolar shrinkage and atelectasis 5. frothy white/pink sputum

Question 43

how does pulmonary edema manifestations

Answer 43

``` increased RR, HR, BP, cardiac output chyene stokes resp cyanosis crackles, rhonchi, wheezing increased fremitus pink frothy sputum PND ```

Question 44

general management of pulmonary edema

Answer 44

``` Laxis Morphine Nitrates O2 Postive Pressure ```

Question 45

Etiology of Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

Answer 45

arrhythmia systemic hypertension reno failure

Question 46

CXR of cariogenic pulm edema

Answer 46

left ventricular hypertrophy kerley a and b lines batwing pattern enlarged blood vessels

Question 47

non cardiogenic pulm edema CXR

Answer 47

fluffy opacites, densities no enlarged heart no pleural effusion

Question 48

chief complaint pulm embolism

Answer 48

``` acute dyspnea cardiac arrythmias pleuritic chest pain syncope pain cough leg swelling ```

Question 49

radiological procedures that confirm pulm emboli

Answer 49

MRI CT/CT pulm angiography (fastest) pulmonary angiography ( gold standard) ventilation perfusion scan

Question 50

lab studies to check for presence of pulm emboli

Answer 50

d-dimer - neg- no PE pos- need to do more

Question 51

management of pulm emboli

Answer 51

``` o2 thromboltics - end in kinese fast/slow acting anticoagulant - need blood test elliquis, Xarelto - no blood test lovenox- goes in stomach IVC- inferior vena cava filter ```