cardio pulm monitoring

Question 1

the ability of a cardiac cell to transmit an impulse to generate an impulse to cause contraction of the heart

Answer 1

automaticity

Question 2

the ability of a cardiac cell to transmit electrical current from cell to cell

Answer 2

excitability

Question 3

what is the intrinsic rate for the av node?

Answer 3

40-60

Question 4

what is the position and polarity of the aVR lead

Answer 4

right arm positive and left arm/leg negative

Question 5

what is the position of the chest leads v4 and v5?

Answer 5

v4- left midcalvicular line at 5th intercostal space
v5- left anterior midaxillary line

Question 6

what takes place during the QRS complex in an ECG

Answer 6

ventricular contraction (depolarization) and atrial relaxation (repolarization)

Question 7

how is the QRS complex and lead aVF affected by right axis deviation and what are the possible causes of each?

Answer 7

right axis
1. lead one neg QRS
2. aVF- positive QRS
causes- increased electrical activity on R heart, corpulmmonale, left sided myocardial infraction

Question 8

how is the QRS complex and lead aVF affected by left axis deviation and what are the possible causes of each?

Answer 8

left axis
1. lead one- QRS pos
2. aVF- QRS neg
causes- increased electrical activity on left side, left ventricular hypertrophy, right sided myocardial infarction

Question 9

what are the characteristics of normal sinus rhythm?

Answer 9

1. rate 60-100
2. rhythm- p-p and r-r interval regular
3. p wave proceeds with QRS complex
4. p-r interval 0.12 to 0.20 sec and consistent with each beat
5. QRS- 0.10 secs in width

Question 10

what heart rate is considered to be serve Brady and what methods can you use to treat it?

Answer 10

less then 40 beats per minute
treat- atropine, transcutaneous pacemaker, invasive pacemaker

Question 11

what are clinical manifestations of the hemodynamic compromise?

Answer 11

changes in mental status, low BP, chest pain, shortness of breath, signs of shock, CHF, fall in urine output, cold, clammy skin

Question 12

what methods can be used in the treatment of supra ventricular tachycardia?

Answer 12

• vagal manuvers, adenosine, amiodacrone, calcium channel blockers, synchronized cardio version

Question 13

what is the most frequently used treatment for symptomatic atrial flutter?

Answer 13

synchronized cardio version

Question 14

what are the characteristics pf atrial fillbration

Answer 14

1. rate- atrial 400-600, ventricle varies
   rhythm- ventricular rhythm irregular
2. p waves- can not be indenified
3. pr interval- can not be measured
4. QRS complex- usually has width of 0.10 seconds

Question 15

what are possible causes of junctional rhythm?

Answer 15

acute coronary syndrome
hypoxia
rheumatic heart disease

Question 16

what are the characteristics of junctional rhyytmn

Answer 16

1. rate- 40-60
2. rhythm- regular
3. p wave- occurs before during or after QRS
4. pr- if p wave before QRS it will be normal
5. QRS- normal width

Question 17

what are possible causes of junctional tachycardia?

Answer 17

acute coronary syndrome
theophylline administration
pigtails toxicity

Question 18

what events may occur if the heart Tate exceeds 150 beats a minute?

Answer 18

1. predispose the pt to ventricular arrythimias
2. increased myocardial ischemia
3. increased frequency and severity go chest pain
4. increased size of myocardial infarction
5. cause CHF, hypotension, cardiac shock

Question 19

what drugs can be used in management of junctional tachycardia with heart rates greater then 150?

Answer 19

adenosine, amiodacrone, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers