Resp conditions Flashcards
Severe shortness of breath, rapid, shallow breathing, tiredness, feeling faint
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Productive persistent cough, breathlessness, clubbing, long-term condition
Bronchiectasis
Fever, fatigue, malaise, headache, dry chesty cough, sore throat
Influenza (flu)
Chronic malaise, fever, bad breath, weight loss, SoB, chest pain
Lung Abscess
Fever, coryza, cough, wheeze
Bronchiolitis
Persistent cough, SoB, sputum, haemoptysis, chest pain, loss of appetite, clubbing, hoarse voice, fatigue, weight loss
Lung Cancer
Persistent cough productive of sputum and blood, weight loss, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, neck swelling
Tuberculosis
Pain or discomfort especially with coughing, exercise, or bowel movements, bulging area that becomes larger when bearing down
Inguinal hernia
Wheezing, breathlessness, tight chest, coughing, worse at night/early morning, worse on exercise or exposure to allergen
Asthma
Sharp, stabbing pain on one side of chest worse on inspiration, SoB, deviated trachea, unequal chest expansion
Pneumothorax
Shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue, cough productive of thick lumps of mucus
Aspergillus
Swollen, hot, red, or tender leg or calf
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) lower than 60 mm Hg with a normal or low arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), cyanosis, SoB
Type 1 Respiratory Failure
salty sweat, clubbing, intestinal blockage, fibrotic pancreas, failure to thrive, reccurrent bacterial lung infections, congenital bilateral absence of Vas Deferens, filled sinuses, gallbladder and liver disease
Cystic Fibrosis
Severe sore throat, dysphagia, SoB, stridor, fever, irritability, hoarse voice, drooling
Epiglottitis
Fluid in pleural space causing SoB, dry cough, fever, sweating, pain in chest headache, confusion, clubbing
Empyema
Chest pain, SoB, fatigue, fever, persistent cough, loss of appetite, weight loss, clubbing
Mesothelioma
SoB, fatigue, feeling faint or dizzy, chest pain, tachycardia, leg/ankle swelling
Pulmonary Hypertension
Pneumonia, sepsis, severe chest injury, aspiration, near drowning, acute pancreatitis, transfusion reaction cause…
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
SoB, chest pain (especially sharp pain on inspiration), fever, cough
Pleural Effusion
Increasing breathlessness, persistent cough, frequent infections, wheezing
COPD (include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.)
Large: cardiovascular shock, low BP, central cyanosis, sudden death
Medium: pleuritic pain, haemoptysis, breathless
Small recurrent: progressive dyspnoea, pulmonary hypertension, and right heart failure
Pulmonary Embolism
Productive cough with thick yellow/green sputum sometimes streaked with blood, tachycardia, fever, malaise, loss of appetite, chest pain
Pneumonia
Unknown, suspected genetics and allergens causes…
Asthma
Nasal discharge, sore throat, malaise, cough
Common cold/coryza
Painful, hard lumps under skin and redness
Thrombophlebitis
Increased sputum production and purulence, increased wheeze, breathless
COPD (acute exacerbation)
Green/yellow nasal discharge, headache, pain/tenderness around cheeks, eyes, or forehead, bad breath
Sinusitis
Sore throat, transient wheeze, productive cough, headache, aches and pains, tiredness
Bronchitis (acute)
Breathless on exertion, cough (no wheeze), clubbing, inspiratory lung crackles, central cyanosis
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD)
Haemoptysis (sometimes frothy), SoB, grunting, wheezing, tachycardia, tachypnea, pallor or cyanosis
Pulmonary Oedema
Hypoxemia and PaCO2 higher than 50 mm Hg, CO2 retention flap, bounding pulse, cyanosis, SoB
Type 2 Respiratory Failure
Fever, sore throat, thick grey-white coating at back of throat, SoB
Diphtheria
Aspergillus fumigatus causes…
Aspergillus
SoB, cyanosis, tachypnea, tachycardia, diminished or absent breath sounds, bowel sounds in chest area
Diaphragmatic hernia
Coryza, slight raised temperature, intense coughing bouts, cyanosis
Whooping Cough
Congenital, obesity, persistent/severe coughing, lifting/straining, pregnancy
Inguinal hernia
Tender/red bumps on skin, SoB, persistent dry cough, clubbing
Sarcoidosis
Smoking, fumes/dust, severe air pollution cause
COPD
Inactivity, surgery, blood vessel damage, medical/genetic conditions, pregnancy, contraceptive pill cause…
DVT
Congenital, autosomal recessive condition
Cystic Fibrosis
Following pneumonia, bacteria (S. pneumoniae, S. aureus
Empyema
p to 80% cases due to respiratory syncytial virus
Bronchiolitis
Virus (H. influenza)
Influenza
Type B H. influenza or also other bacteria, fungus, viruses, trauma, smoking
Epiglottitis
Fibrous scarring following infection or chronic obstruction causes…
Bronchiectasis
Congenital, blunt or penetrating injury, surgery, severe/persistent cough
Diaphragmatic hernia
Fluid in the alveolar air spaces, cardiac Po oedema in alveolar walls and lumen, non-cardiac Po oedema, infective pneumonia, infarction, drug induced alveolitis, toxic gas/fumes, fibrosing alveolitis, autoimmune, dust-disease, carcinomatosis
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause
Diphtheria
Bacteria, following pneumonia, obstructions, lung abnormalities, or aspiration cause
Lung Abscess
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) diagnosis
Blood test, pulse oximetry, CXR, CT, echocardiogram
Damage to veins
Thrombophlebitis
Chest injury, lung disease, mechanical ventilation
Pneumothorax
Virus, coryza or influenza spreading to sinuses
Sinusitis
Fluid filling or collapse of alveoli, pulmonary oedema, pneumonia, pulmonary haemorrhage
Type 1 Respiratory Failure
Bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis)
Tuberculosis
Asthma diagnosis
Spirometry and peak flow test
Congestive heart failure, pneumonia, liver disease, renal disease, cancer, PE
Pleural Effusion
Overreaction by immune system to infection
Sarcoidosis
Inadequate alveolar ventilation, COPD
Type 2 Respiratory Failure
Linked with smoking, passive smoking, or occupational exposure to chemicals
Lung Cancer
Aspergillus diagnosis
BAL, fungal culture, PCR, tissue histopathology
Congestive heart failure, kidney failure, lung damage, high altitude exposure, certain drugs cause
Pulmonary Oedema
Linked with asbestos exposure
Mesothelioma (cancer)
Virus (Type A or B H. influenza), aspiration, fungus, hospital-acquired
Pneumonia
Bronchiectasis diagnosis
Blood test, sputum test, lung function test, HRCT
Bronchiolitis diagnosis
PCR
COPD (include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.) diagnosis
Spirometry, CXR, blood tests
COPD (acute exacerbation) diagnosis
History
Cystic Fibrosis diagnosis
New-born screening, genetic testing, sweat test
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) diagnosis
Ultrasound Doppler leg scan, CT scan
Inactivity, surgery, blood vessel damage, medical/genetic conditions, pregnancy, contraceptive pill
Pulmonary Embolism
Diaphragmatic hernia diagnosis
CXR, CT, ultrasound, arterial blood gases
LVSD, mitral regurgitation/stenosis, multiple PE, vasculitis, drugs, HIV, cardiac left to right shunt
Pulmonary Hypertension
Diphtheria diagnosis
Gram stain or throat culture
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD) diagnosis
CXR, lung biopsy
Empyema diagnosis
CXR, CT, ultrasound, blood tests for WTC count and C-reactive protein, thoracentesis
Epiglottitis diagnosis
Fibre-optic laryngoscopy, throat swab, blood tests to for WTC count, CXR, CT
Inguinal hernia diagnosis
Physical exam, further tests not usually indicated
Lung Abscess diagnosis
Sputum culture, CXR, CT
Lung Cancer diagnosis
WTC count, CXR, CT, bronchoscopy or thoracoscopy or biopsy of metastases (depending on location)
Mesothelioma (cancer) diagnosis
CXR, CT, fluid drainage, thoracoscopy
Pleural Effusion diagnosis
CXR, CT, ultrasound, thoracentesis
Pneumothorax diagnosis
CXR
Pneumonia diagnosis
Sputum test, blood test, CXR
Pulmonary Oedema diagnosis
Blood tests, oximetry, arterial blood gases, CXR, echocardiogram, ECG
Pulmonary Embolism diagnosis
ECG, D-dimers( usually raised), isotope lung scan, CT pulmonary angiogram, echocardiogram
Pulmonary Hypertension diagnosis
ECG, CXR, SaO2 and arterial blood gases, pulmonary function test, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterisation, CT pulmonary angiogram, cardiac MRI
Sarcoidosis diagnosis
CXR, CT, bronchoscopy, biopsy
Tuberculosis diagnosis
Culture, ZN stain microscopy, PCR
Type 1 Respiratory Failure diagnosis
Arterial blood gases
Type 2 Respiratory Failure diagnosis
Arterial blood gases
