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Y1 MBChB Misc. > Resp conditions > Flashcards

Resp conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Severe shortness of breath, rapid, shallow breathing, tiredness, feeling faint

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

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2
Q

Productive persistent cough, breathlessness, clubbing, long-term condition

A

Bronchiectasis

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3
Q

Fever, fatigue, malaise, headache, dry chesty cough, sore throat

A

Influenza (flu)

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4
Q

Chronic malaise, fever, bad breath, weight loss, SoB, chest pain

A

Lung Abscess

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5
Q

Fever, coryza, cough, wheeze

A

Bronchiolitis

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6
Q

Persistent cough, SoB, sputum, haemoptysis, chest pain, loss of appetite, clubbing, hoarse voice, fatigue, weight loss

A

Lung Cancer

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7
Q

Persistent cough productive of sputum and blood, weight loss, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, neck swelling

A

Tuberculosis

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8
Q

Pain or discomfort especially with coughing, exercise, or bowel movements, bulging area that becomes larger when bearing down

A

Inguinal hernia

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9
Q

Wheezing, breathlessness, tight chest, coughing, worse at night/early morning, worse on exercise or exposure to allergen

A

Asthma

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10
Q

Sharp, stabbing pain on one side of chest worse on inspiration, SoB, deviated trachea, unequal chest expansion

A

Pneumothorax

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11
Q

Shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue, cough productive of thick lumps of mucus

A

Aspergillus

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12
Q

Swollen, hot, red, or tender leg or calf

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

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13
Q

Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) lower than 60 mm Hg with a normal or low arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), cyanosis, SoB

A

Type 1 Respiratory Failure

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14
Q

salty sweat, clubbing, intestinal blockage, fibrotic pancreas, failure to thrive, reccurrent bacterial lung infections, congenital bilateral absence of Vas Deferens, filled sinuses, gallbladder and liver disease

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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15
Q

Severe sore throat, dysphagia, SoB, stridor, fever, irritability, hoarse voice, drooling

A

Epiglottitis

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16
Q

Fluid in pleural space causing SoB, dry cough, fever, sweating, pain in chest headache, confusion, clubbing

A

Empyema

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17
Q

Chest pain, SoB, fatigue, fever, persistent cough, loss of appetite, weight loss, clubbing

A

Mesothelioma

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18
Q

SoB, fatigue, feeling faint or dizzy, chest pain, tachycardia, leg/ankle swelling

A

Pulmonary Hypertension

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19
Q

Pneumonia, sepsis, severe chest injury, aspiration, near drowning, acute pancreatitis, transfusion reaction cause…

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

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20
Q

SoB, chest pain (especially sharp pain on inspiration), fever, cough

A

Pleural Effusion

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21
Q

Increasing breathlessness, persistent cough, frequent infections, wheezing

A

COPD (include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.)

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22
Q

Large: cardiovascular shock, low BP, central cyanosis, sudden death
Medium: pleuritic pain, haemoptysis, breathless
Small recurrent: progressive dyspnoea, pulmonary hypertension, and right heart failure

A

Pulmonary Embolism

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23
Q

Productive cough with thick yellow/green sputum sometimes streaked with blood, tachycardia, fever, malaise, loss of appetite, chest pain

A

Pneumonia

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24
Q

Unknown, suspected genetics and allergens causes…

A

Asthma

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25
Q

Nasal discharge, sore throat, malaise, cough

A

Common cold/coryza

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26
Q

Painful, hard lumps under skin and redness

A

Thrombophlebitis

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27
Q

Increased sputum production and purulence, increased wheeze, breathless

A

COPD (acute exacerbation)

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28
Q

Green/yellow nasal discharge, headache, pain/tenderness around cheeks, eyes, or forehead, bad breath

A

Sinusitis

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29
Q

Sore throat, transient wheeze, productive cough, headache, aches and pains, tiredness

A

Bronchitis (acute)

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30
Q

Breathless on exertion, cough (no wheeze), clubbing, inspiratory lung crackles, central cyanosis

A

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD)

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31
Q

Haemoptysis (sometimes frothy), SoB, grunting, wheezing, tachycardia, tachypnea, pallor or cyanosis

A

Pulmonary Oedema

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32
Q

Hypoxemia and PaCO2 higher than 50 mm Hg, CO2 retention flap, bounding pulse, cyanosis, SoB

A

Type 2 Respiratory Failure

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33
Q

Fever, sore throat, thick grey-white coating at back of throat, SoB

A

Diphtheria

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34
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus causes…

A

Aspergillus

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35
Q

SoB, cyanosis, tachypnea, tachycardia, diminished or absent breath sounds, bowel sounds in chest area

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

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36
Q

Coryza, slight raised temperature, intense coughing bouts, cyanosis

A

Whooping Cough

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37
Q

Congenital, obesity, persistent/severe coughing, lifting/straining, pregnancy

A

Inguinal hernia

38
Q

Tender/red bumps on skin, SoB, persistent dry cough, clubbing

A

Sarcoidosis

39
Q

Smoking, fumes/dust, severe air pollution cause

A

COPD

40
Q

Inactivity, surgery, blood vessel damage, medical/genetic conditions, pregnancy, contraceptive pill cause…

A

DVT

41
Q

Congenital, autosomal recessive condition

A

Cystic Fibrosis

42
Q

Following pneumonia, bacteria (S. pneumoniae, S. aureus

A

Empyema

43
Q

p to 80% cases due to respiratory syncytial virus

A

Bronchiolitis

44
Q

Virus (H. influenza)

A

Influenza

45
Q

Type B H. influenza or also other bacteria, fungus, viruses, trauma, smoking

A

Epiglottitis

46
Q

Fibrous scarring following infection or chronic obstruction causes…

A

Bronchiectasis

47
Q

Congenital, blunt or penetrating injury, surgery, severe/persistent cough

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

48
Q

Fluid in the alveolar air spaces, cardiac Po oedema in alveolar walls and lumen, non-cardiac Po oedema, infective pneumonia, infarction, drug induced alveolitis, toxic gas/fumes, fibrosing alveolitis, autoimmune, dust-disease, carcinomatosis

A

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD)

49
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause

A

Diphtheria

50
Q

Bacteria, following pneumonia, obstructions, lung abnormalities, or aspiration cause

A

Lung Abscess

51
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) diagnosis

A

Blood test, pulse oximetry, CXR, CT, echocardiogram

52
Q

Damage to veins

A

Thrombophlebitis

53
Q

Chest injury, lung disease, mechanical ventilation

A

Pneumothorax

54
Q

Virus, coryza or influenza spreading to sinuses

A

Sinusitis

55
Q

Fluid filling or collapse of alveoli, pulmonary oedema, pneumonia, pulmonary haemorrhage

A

Type 1 Respiratory Failure

56
Q

Bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis)

A

Tuberculosis

57
Q

Asthma diagnosis

A

Spirometry and peak flow test

58
Q

Congestive heart failure, pneumonia, liver disease, renal disease, cancer, PE

A

Pleural Effusion

59
Q

Overreaction by immune system to infection

A

Sarcoidosis

60
Q

Inadequate alveolar ventilation, COPD

A

Type 2 Respiratory Failure

61
Q

Linked with smoking, passive smoking, or occupational exposure to chemicals

A

Lung Cancer

62
Q

Aspergillus diagnosis

A

BAL, fungal culture, PCR, tissue histopathology

63
Q

Congestive heart failure, kidney failure, lung damage, high altitude exposure, certain drugs cause

A

Pulmonary Oedema

64
Q

Linked with asbestos exposure

A

Mesothelioma (cancer)

65
Q

Virus (Type A or B H. influenza), aspiration, fungus, hospital-acquired

A

Pneumonia

66
Q

Bronchiectasis diagnosis

A

Blood test, sputum test, lung function test, HRCT

67
Q

Bronchiolitis diagnosis

A

PCR

68
Q

COPD (include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.) diagnosis

A

Spirometry, CXR, blood tests

69
Q

COPD (acute exacerbation) diagnosis

A

History

70
Q

Cystic Fibrosis diagnosis

A

New-born screening, genetic testing, sweat test

71
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) diagnosis

A

Ultrasound Doppler leg scan, CT scan

72
Q

Inactivity, surgery, blood vessel damage, medical/genetic conditions, pregnancy, contraceptive pill

A

Pulmonary Embolism

73
Q

Diaphragmatic hernia diagnosis

A

CXR, CT, ultrasound, arterial blood gases

74
Q

LVSD, mitral regurgitation/stenosis, multiple PE, vasculitis, drugs, HIV, cardiac left to right shunt

A

Pulmonary Hypertension

75
Q

Diphtheria diagnosis

A

Gram stain or throat culture

76
Q

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD) diagnosis

A

CXR, lung biopsy

77
Q

Empyema diagnosis

A

CXR, CT, ultrasound, blood tests for WTC count and C-reactive protein, thoracentesis

78
Q

Epiglottitis diagnosis

A

Fibre-optic laryngoscopy, throat swab, blood tests to for WTC count, CXR, CT

79
Q

Inguinal hernia diagnosis

A

Physical exam, further tests not usually indicated

80
Q

Lung Abscess diagnosis

A

Sputum culture, CXR, CT

81
Q

Lung Cancer diagnosis

A

WTC count, CXR, CT, bronchoscopy or thoracoscopy or biopsy of metastases (depending on location)

82
Q

Mesothelioma (cancer) diagnosis

A

CXR, CT, fluid drainage, thoracoscopy

83
Q

Pleural Effusion diagnosis

A

CXR, CT, ultrasound, thoracentesis

84
Q

Pneumothorax diagnosis

A

CXR

85
Q

Pneumonia diagnosis

A

Sputum test, blood test, CXR

86
Q

Pulmonary Oedema diagnosis

A

Blood tests, oximetry, arterial blood gases, CXR, echocardiogram, ECG

87
Q

Pulmonary Embolism diagnosis

A

ECG, D-dimers( usually raised), isotope lung scan, CT pulmonary angiogram, echocardiogram

88
Q

Pulmonary Hypertension diagnosis

A

ECG, CXR, SaO2 and arterial blood gases, pulmonary function test, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterisation, CT pulmonary angiogram, cardiac MRI

89
Q

Sarcoidosis diagnosis

A

CXR, CT, bronchoscopy, biopsy

90
Q

Tuberculosis diagnosis

A

Culture, ZN stain microscopy, PCR

91
Q

Type 1 Respiratory Failure diagnosis

A

Arterial blood gases

92
Q

Type 2 Respiratory Failure diagnosis

A

Arterial blood gases

Y1 MBChB Misc. (3 decks)

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