Buzzwords Resp Flashcards
Dull to percuss
PE
Right sided pleuritic chest pain
Pneumonia
ABCDE: Alveolar bat’s wings Kerley B lines Cardiomegaly Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels Pleural effusion ...
Pulmonary oedema
Ground-glass appearance on CXR
Pulmonary fibrosis
Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
ZN stain positive for acid-fast bacilli
TB
Caseous necrosis
Cell death with cheese-like appearance
TB
Apical disease
(Secondary) TB
What is miliary TB?
Spread of the causative organism to the bloodstream
Positive ‘Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies’
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Chest infection with parrot/pigeon as a pet is caused by…
Chlamydophilia psittaci
Dry cough + diarrhoea after holiday abroad
Some indication of water spread
Legionella pneumophilia
Test urine for antigens
“Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana”
Probably pneumothorax
Marfan’s
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy Erythema nodosum Granulomas Fatigue Uveitis Weight loss
Sarcoidosis
Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT)
signet ring sign
Bronchiectasis
‘D’ sign on CXR
Emphysema
‘Steeple’ sign on CXR
Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
Child with barking cough
Croup
Pneumocystis pneumonia related to…
Treat with…
…HIV
…co-trimoxazole and prednisolone if severe
Asthma
Nasal polyps
Salicylate hypersensitivity
Samter’s triad (Aspirin Exacerbated Resp Disease)
Pneumonia associated with alcoholism
Klebsiella pneumoniae
‘Red jelly’ sputum
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Mucoid sputum
Clamydia psittaci
Rusty sputum
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Cannonball metastases
Weight loss
Haematuria
Primary renal cell carcinoma
Morning headache
Hypercapnia or side effect of organic nitrates
ACTH secreting tumour
Small cell carcinoma of lung
PTH secreting tumour
Squamous cell carcinoma of lung
Describe small cell carcinoma
Neuroendocrine
Highly malignant
Perhaps associated with ectopic enzyme syndromes
Increased serum ACE and Ca2+
Sarcoid
Eggshell calcification at hilar region
Silicosis
‘Heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces
Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin (found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated (severe) left-ventricular heart failure).
Also seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension.
Ghon focus is…
…an area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung.
TB
If ruptures, tuberculosis pleurisy
Assman focus is…
…an apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection
‘Coin lesion’ found on chest radiographs
Rounded, solitary lesion
Commonly: bronchial/lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney), bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous inflammation, lung abscess
When can Horner’s syndrome occur?
When there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes, or a Pancoast’s tumour
Signs of Horner’s syndrome?
Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid),
Enophthalmos (sunken eye)
Miosis (small pupil)
Lack of sweating on the ipsilateral side of the face.
Due to invasion of the cervical sympathetic chain
Acute managment of asthma:
OSHIT MAn
a. Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask
b. Salbutamol - nebulised back-to-back.
c. Hydrocortisone IV or prednisolone PO
d. Ipratropium Bromide nebulised hourly
e. Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV
f. Magnesium and call an
g. Anaesthetist
Inspiratory whoop/barking cough
Pertussis
Snow storm appearance on x ray
Baritosis
Silicosis
Management of infective exacerbation of COPD:
i - ipratropium S - Salbutamol O - Oxygen A - amoxicillin P - prednisolone
Non-smoker + lung cancer
(Peripheral) adenocarcinoma
High d-dimers
Suspect PE
Send for CTPA or V/Q scan
Low d-dimers
Exclude PE
Treat large PE with…
…thrombolysis
Treat small PE with…
LMW heparin
