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Y1 MBChB Misc. > Buzzwords Resp > Flashcards

Buzzwords Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Dull to percuss

A

PE

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2
Q

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

Pneumonia

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3
Q 
ABCDE:
Alveolar bat’s wings
Kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly
Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels
Pleural effusion 
...
A

Pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

Ground-glass appearance on CXR

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

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5
Q

ZN stain positive for acid-fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

Caseous necrosis

Cell death with cheese-like appearance

A

TB

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7
Q

Apical disease

A

(Secondary) TB

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8
Q

What is miliary TB?

A

Spread of the causative organism to the bloodstream

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9
Q

Positive ‘Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies’

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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10
Q

Chest infection with parrot/pigeon as a pet is caused by…

A

Chlamydophilia psittaci

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11
Q

Dry cough + diarrhoea after holiday abroad

Some indication of water spread

A

Legionella pneumophilia

Test urine for antigens

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12
Q

“Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana”

A

Probably pneumothorax

Marfan’s

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13
Q 
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Erythema nodosum
Granulomas
Fatigue
Uveitis 
Weight loss
A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT)

signet ring sign

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

‘D’ sign on CXR

A

Emphysema

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16
Q

‘Steeple’ sign on CXR

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)

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17
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup

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18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia related to…

Treat with…

A

…HIV

…co-trimoxazole and prednisolone if severe

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19
Q

Asthma
Nasal polyps
Salicylate hypersensitivity

A

Samter’s triad (Aspirin Exacerbated Resp Disease)

20
Q

Pneumonia associated with alcoholism

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

21
Q

‘Red jelly’ sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

22
Q

Mucoid sputum

A

Clamydia psittaci

23
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

24
Q

Cannonball metastases
Weight loss
Haematuria

A

Primary renal cell carcinoma

25
Q

Morning headache

A

Hypercapnia or side effect of organic nitrates

26
Q

ACTH secreting tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma of lung

27
Q

PTH secreting tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of lung

28
Q

Describe small cell carcinoma

A

Neuroendocrine
Highly malignant
Perhaps associated with ectopic enzyme syndromes

29
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoid

30
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

Silicosis

31
Q

‘Heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces

A

Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin (found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated (severe) left-ventricular heart failure).
Also seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension.

32
Q

Ghon focus is…

A

…an area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung.
TB
If ruptures, tuberculosis pleurisy

33
Q

Assman focus is…

A

…an apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection

34
Q

‘Coin lesion’ found on chest radiographs

A

Rounded, solitary lesion
Commonly: bronchial/lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney), bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous inflammation, lung abscess

35
Q

When can Horner’s syndrome occur?

A

When there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes, or a Pancoast’s tumour

36
Q

Signs of Horner’s syndrome?

A

Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid),
Enophthalmos (sunken eye)
Miosis (small pupil)
Lack of sweating on the ipsilateral side of the face.

Due to invasion of the cervical sympathetic chain

37
Q

Acute managment of asthma:

A

OSHIT MAn

a. Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask
b. Salbutamol - nebulised back-to-back.
c. Hydrocortisone IV or prednisolone PO
d. Ipratropium Bromide nebulised hourly
e. Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV
f. Magnesium and call an
g. Anaesthetist

38
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

Pertussis

39
Q

Snow storm appearance on x ray

A

Baritosis

Silicosis

40
Q

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD:

A 
i - ipratropium
S - Salbutamol
O - Oxygen
A - amoxicillin
P - prednisolone
41
Q

Non-smoker + lung cancer

A

(Peripheral) adenocarcinoma

42
Q

High d-dimers

A

Suspect PE

Send for CTPA or V/Q scan

43
Q

Low d-dimers

A

Exclude PE

44
Q

Treat large PE with…

A

…thrombolysis

45
Q

Treat small PE with…

A

LMW heparin

Y1 MBChB Misc. (3 decks)

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