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My Buzzwords > Resp Buzzwords > Flashcards

Resp Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Stony dull to percuss

A

Pleural Effusion

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2
Q

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

Most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe
vessels, pleural effusion

A

Pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray- Newborns and adults?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and Respiratory Distress
Syndrome of the newborn

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

Apical disease

A

Most likely (secondary) TB; apical lesion is called an Assmann focus

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8
Q

Miliary Tuberculous
- If organism spread via pulmonary artery:
- If organism spread via pulmonary vein:

A

Spread of organism into bloodstream
-Miliary dissemination into the lung occurs
-Systemic dissemination to the liver,
spleen, and kidneys.

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9
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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10
Q

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet

A

Caused by chlamydophila psittaci

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11
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread

A

Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)

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12
Q

Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana

A

Pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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13
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and
weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

D sign on X ray

A

Empyema

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16
Q

“Steeple” sign on X ray

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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17
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup

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18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia
How do you treat?

A

HIV (treat with Co-tramoxazole [± prednisolone if
severe])

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19
Q

Samter’s Triad

A

Asthma + Nasal Polyps + Salicylate sensitivity

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20
Q

Danger of aspiration pneumonia

A

Alcoholic + Klebsiella pneumoniae

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21
Q

Red Jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

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22
Q

Mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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23
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

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24
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

Primary renal cell carcinoma

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25
Q

Morning headache

A

Hypercapnia or side effects of organic nitrates

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26
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung (highly malignant)

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27
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

Squamous cell cancer of lung

28
Q

What are some features of small-cell carcinoma?

A

Neuroendocrine, highly malignant, and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes

29
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoidosis

30
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

Silicosis

31
Q

‘Heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces

A

-Macrophages that have absorbed
haemosiderin - found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated (severe) left-
ventricular heart failure.
-Also long-standing pulmonary hypertension.

32
Q

Ghon Focus

A

An area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung, beneath the pleura - found in tuberculosis infection.

33
Q

Ghon Focus rupture (rare)

A

Ruptures through the the visceral pleura into the pleural cavity which will produce tuberculous pleurisy.

34
Q

When does Horner’s Syndrome occur? Name some signs

A

Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the
intrathoracic nodes or a Pancoast’s tumour.
-Ptosis (drooping of theeyelid)
-Enophthalmos (sunken eye)
-Miosis (small pupil)
-Lack of sweating on the ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face. This is due to invasion, of the cervical sympathetic chain.

35
Q

Acute management of Asthma?

A

OSHIT MAN:
a. Oxygen (a non-rebreather mask)
b. Salbutamol (Nebulised back-to-back)
c. Hydrocortisone IV (or Prednisolone orally)
d. Ipratropium Bromide (Nebulised hourly)
e. Theophylline IV (or aminophylline IV)
f. Magnesium and call an
g. Anaesthetist

36
Q

Thumbprint sign on head x-ray

A

Epiglottitis

37
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

Pertussis

38
Q

Snow storm appearance on x ray

A

Baritosis
Silicosis

39
Q

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD?

A

iSOAP
i - ipratropium
S - Salbutamol
O - Oxygen
A - amoxicillin
P - prednisolone

40
Q

Non-smoker + lung cancer

A

(peripheral) adenocarcinoma

41
Q

Squamous + Small-cell Lung cancers

A

CENTRAL

42
Q

What do high d-dimers indicate? What tests should follow?

A

Suspect pulmonary Embolism (send for CTPA or V/Q scan to diagnose)

43
Q

Low d-dimers

A

Exclude Pulmonary Embolism

44
Q

What do you do in large PE vs small PE?

A

Thrombolysis for big
Low Molecular Weight Heparin for small

45
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Panic attack

46
Q

Frank pus on aspiration

A

Empyema

47
Q

Obstructive lung disease + Raised Eosinophils

A

Asthma

48
Q

Obstructive lung disease + Raised neutrophils

A

COPD

49
Q

Who does pickwickian disease? What does it cause? What might they need?

A

Obese people whose body fat preventing air getting in.
Causes sleep apnoea and hypercapnia (high levels
of carbon dioxide in the blood)
Buzzword: overnight nasal ventilation

50
Q

What is Guillian-Barre disease? What is it preceded by? What are signs of it?

A

A disease which causes paralysis. Normally preceded by a strep. throat/infection of respiratory or GI tract. Polyneuritis (meaning rapidly
progressive, ascending motor neurone paralysis, beginning in the feet and ascending
to the other muscles)

51
Q

Coal workers pneumoconiosis - two types? Where are problems usually found?

A

Simple coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (the disease in its early form)
Progressive massive fibrosis (the disease in its later
form)
Problems found at the apex of the lung

52
Q

When does adult respiratory distress syndrome occur? What does the Xray show?

A

Occurs when non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema leads to acute respiratory failure.
CXR shows bilateral alveolar shadowing.

53
Q

What does TLCO show?

A

How well oxygen can diffuse into the blood

54
Q

What is asbestosis?

A

Problems found at the base of the lung

55
Q

How does diabetic ketoacidosis usually present?

A

Type 1 diabetic presents with vomiting and not taking her insulin. Dehydrated and deep laboured breathing – leading to metabolic acidosis

56
Q

APX-ray? → Anterior Posterior usually A Portable

A

Anterior → Posterior (usually A Portable)

57
Q

22 year old woman, weight loss, sputum, night sweats, tender well defined nodules on
shins bilaterally

A

erythema nodosum

58
Q

Honeycomb lung

A

fibrosing alveolitis

59
Q

How does extrinsic allergic alveolitis present? What are the 2 types?

A

-Granulomatous inflammation of the lungs
-Acute and subacute cause pneumonitis
-Chronic cause fibrosis
-Emphysema
-Farmer’s lung; major antigen is Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula. (Buzzwords; farmer, lymphocyte, “positive test”)
-Bird-fancier’s lung; due to exposure to avian proteins. (Buzzwords; pigeons, parrots)

60
Q

How is extrinsic allergic alveolitis treated?

A

Treated with steroids and antigen
avoidance

61
Q

What does EAA show on CXR?

A

Can show bilateral reticulonodular shadows on a CXR.

62
Q

What is exudate? transudate?

A

Exudate = “Extra” protein (>30)
Transudate = “Tiny” protein (<30)

63
Q

Most common cancer in smokers?

A

Squamous cell cancer

64
Q

What do squamous cell cancers secrete?

A

Parathyroid hormone and causes hypercalcemia

65
Q

What are some features of large cell cancer?

A

Poorly differentiated, sex hormone releasing → gyneocomastia (male breasts)

66
Q

Most common cancer in non-smokers?

A

Adenocarcinoma

My Buzzwords (6 decks)

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