Cardio Buzzwords Flashcards
Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward…
Pericarditis
Irregularly irregular pulse
Atrial Fibrillation
ECG - saw tooth baseline + 300 bpm
Atrial Flutter
Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion
Pulmonary oedema
What does pleuritic chest pain feel like? What causes it?
Sharp, stabbing pain that is felt in the center of the chest or slightly to the left of the chest
Inflammation of pleura
Raised JVP/hepatojugular
Right-sided heart failure
Sense of impending doom
MI
Saddle shaped ST elevation
Pericarditis
Broad complex tachycardia
Ventricular problem
Mid-diastolic murmur with a tapping, undisplaced apex
Mitral Stenosis
PMHx of rheumatic fever
Mitral stenosis
Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)
What causes the slurred upstroke?
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Preexcitation of the ventricles through the accessory pathway
Tall, tented T waves (and wide QRS complexes)
Hyperkalaemia
Patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI. Relieved by sitting forward. Diffuse saddle shaped ST elevation
Dressler’s syndrome
‘Blurred yellowing vision headache”
Digoxin Toxicity
Janeway Lesions/Osler’s Nodes
(Subacute bacterial) infective endocarditis
Continuous Machine like Heart Murmur
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Rib Notching on CXR (deformation of the superior or inferior surface of the rib)
Coarctation of the aorta (congenital narrowing of the aorta)
Crescendo decrescendo murmur
Aortic Stenosis
Slow rising pulse
Aortic stenosis
Alcohol/dilated cardiomyopathy
Pan-systolic murmur (mitral regurgitation)
Early diastolic murmur
Aortic regurgitation
Diminished absent lower limb pulses
Coarctation of the aorta
Radial-femoral delay
Coarctation of the aorta
Radio-radial delay
Coarctation or aortic dissection
MRS ASS
Mitral Regurgitation Systolic
Aortic Stenosis Systolic
Systolic murmur, radiates to the neck
Aortic stenosis
Why colonoscopy for suspected endocarditis with bovis positive blood culture?
Colon cancer is most likely cause of infective endocarditis
Sudden tearing/ripping chest pain, radiates to back
Aortic dissection
Soft S1
Mitral regurgitation
Soft S2
Aortic stenosis
Malar flush, atrial fibrillation
Mitral stenosis
What are symptoms of ‘Jones criteria’? What does it indicate?
Migratory polyarthiritis, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum of skin
Rheumatic heart disease
X and Y descents in JVP. All signs of heart failure
Constrictive pericarditis which presents as congestive heart failure
Mitral stenosis caused by CRAP
Congenital, rheumatic and prosthetic valve
Mid-diastolic rumbling murmur
Mitral stenosis
Large ‘v’ wave/ raised JVP
Tricuspid regurgitation
Tetralogy of fallot? Common cause of what?
A congenital heart disease
-Large ventricular septal defect (this allows the pressures in the two ventricles to become equal)
-Overriding aorta, right ventricular outflow obstruction (causes pulmonary stenosis)
-Right ventricular hypertrophy
Side effect of ACEI? When should you not use?
Dry cough
Contraindicated in Renal artery stenosis
Collapsing pulse?
Aortic regurgitation
Machine like murmur
Patent ductus arteriosis – fails to close
Splinter haemorrhages
Infective endocarditis
Infective endocarditis organisms
Staph aureus – main cause (prosthetic valves or IV drug users
Strep viridans (a haemolytic) – present in mouth after dental surgery
What is atrial myxoma? Where does it usually grow?
A noncancerous tumour in the upper left or right side of the heart
Most often grows on the wall that separates the two sides of the heart.
What is a cardiac tamponade
A collection of blood/fluid/pus/clots/gas around the heart/pericardial space that prevents contractions. Medical emergency.
Treatment of pericarditis
Pain relief, NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
What are reactive arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis symptoms of?
Aortic regurgitation
What will left sided heart failure on examination?
MAT CAT
Mitral regurgitation,
apex displaced,
tachycardic
Crackles bilateral and basal,
auscultation 3 rd heart sound,
tachypnoea
What will you hear in acute pericarditis?
Triphasic systolic and diastolic murmur
Signs of cardiac tamponade
Displaced heart sounds/muffled heart sounds, displaced JVP, low blood pressure
How do you treat Wenckebach’s phenomenon (heart block) with MI?
Temporary cardiac pacing
alongside PCI
Where are left side systemic circulation murmurs loudest?
Loudest on expiration
Where are right side pulmonary circulation murmurs loudest?
Loudest on Inspiration
Bicuspid valve
Aortic stenosis
What causes S1 heart sound? When is it soft and loud?
-Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
-Soft if long PR or mitral regurgitation
-Loud in mitral stenosis, anaemia, thin patients
What causes S2 heart sound? When is it softer and louder? Is splitting normal?
-Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves
-Soft in mild aortic stenosis, louder the more severe
-Splitting during inspiration is normal
What causes S3 heart sound? When is it normal? When is it pathological?
-Caused by diastolic filling of the ventricle
-Considered normal if under 30 years old (may persist in women up to 50 years old)
-Heard in left ventricular failure (e.g. dilated cardiomyopathy), constrictive pericarditis (called a pericardial knock) and mitral regurgitation
What causes S4?
-Caused by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle
-May be heard in aortic stenosis, HOCM, hypertension
-In HOCM a double apical impulse may be felt as a result of a palpable S4
What leads in ECG show ANTERIOR MI (left anterior descending artery)?
V1-V4
What leads in ECG show INFERIOR MI (right coronary artery)?
II, III, aVF
What leads in ECG show LATERAL MI (circumflex artery)?
I, avL, V5, V6
6Ps of acute limb ischaemia
Pale,Pulseless, Painful, Paralysed, Paraesthetic, Perishingly cold
Treatments for different types of shock
Shock – Types and Treatments
ABCDE
Oxygen
Volume replacement Hypovalaemic
Inotropes for Cardiogenic
Chest drain for Obstructive
Vasopressors for Septic
Adrenaline for Anaphylaxis
An Old Virgin Hides, Cause Other Virgins Slag Adult Abstinence
