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My Buzzwords > Cardio Buzzwords > Flashcards

Cardio Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward…

A

Pericarditis

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2
Q

Irregularly irregular pulse

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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3
Q

ECG - saw tooth baseline + 300 bpm

A

Atrial Flutter

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4
Q

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion

A

Pulmonary oedema

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5
Q

What does pleuritic chest pain feel like? What causes it?

A

Sharp, stabbing pain that is felt in the center of the chest or slightly to the left of the chest
Inflammation of pleura

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6
Q

Raised JVP/hepatojugular

A

Right-sided heart failure

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7
Q

Sense of impending doom

A

MI

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8
Q

Saddle shaped ST elevation

A

Pericarditis

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9
Q

Broad complex tachycardia

A

Ventricular problem

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10
Q

Mid-diastolic murmur with a tapping, undisplaced apex

A

Mitral Stenosis

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11
Q

PMHx of rheumatic fever

A

Mitral stenosis

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12
Q

Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)
What causes the slurred upstroke?

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Preexcitation of the ventricles through the accessory pathway

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13
Q

Tall, tented T waves (and wide QRS complexes)

A

Hyperkalaemia

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14
Q

Patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI. Relieved by sitting forward. Diffuse saddle shaped ST elevation

A

Dressler’s syndrome

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15
Q

‘Blurred yellowing vision headache”

A

Digoxin Toxicity

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16
Q

Janeway Lesions/Osler’s Nodes

A

(Subacute bacterial) infective endocarditis

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17
Q

Continuous Machine like Heart Murmur

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

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18
Q

Rib Notching on CXR (deformation of the superior or inferior surface of the rib)

A

Coarctation of the aorta (congenital narrowing of the aorta)

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19
Q

Crescendo decrescendo murmur

A

Aortic Stenosis

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20
Q

Slow rising pulse

A

Aortic stenosis

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21
Q

Alcohol/dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Pan-systolic murmur (mitral regurgitation)

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22
Q

Early diastolic murmur

A

Aortic regurgitation

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23
Q

Diminished absent lower limb pulses

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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24
Q

Radial-femoral delay

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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25
Q

Radio-radial delay

A

Coarctation or aortic dissection

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26
Q

MRS ASS

A

Mitral Regurgitation Systolic
Aortic Stenosis Systolic

27
Q

Systolic murmur, radiates to the neck

A

Aortic stenosis

28
Q

Why colonoscopy for suspected endocarditis with bovis positive blood culture?

A

Colon cancer is most likely cause of infective endocarditis

29
Q

Sudden tearing/ripping chest pain, radiates to back

A

Aortic dissection

30
Q

Soft S1

A

Mitral regurgitation

31
Q

Soft S2

A

Aortic stenosis

32
Q

Malar flush, atrial fibrillation

A

Mitral stenosis

33
Q

What are symptoms of ‘Jones criteria’? What does it indicate?

A

Migratory polyarthiritis, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum of skin
Rheumatic heart disease

34
Q

X and Y descents in JVP. All signs of heart failure

A

Constrictive pericarditis which presents as congestive heart failure

35
Q

Mitral stenosis caused by CRAP

A

Congenital, rheumatic and prosthetic valve

36
Q

Mid-diastolic rumbling murmur

A

Mitral stenosis

37
Q

Large ‘v’ wave/ raised JVP

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

38
Q

Tetralogy of fallot? Common cause of what?

A

A congenital heart disease
-Large ventricular septal defect (this allows the pressures in the two ventricles to become equal)
-Overriding aorta, right ventricular outflow obstruction (causes pulmonary stenosis)
-Right ventricular hypertrophy

39
Q

Side effect of ACEI? When should you not use?

A

Dry cough
Contraindicated in Renal artery stenosis

40
Q

Collapsing pulse?

A

Aortic regurgitation

41
Q

Machine like murmur

A

Patent ductus arteriosis – fails to close

42
Q

Splinter haemorrhages

A

Infective endocarditis

43
Q

Infective endocarditis organisms

A

Staph aureus – main cause (prosthetic valves or IV drug users
Strep viridans (a haemolytic) – present in mouth after dental surgery

44
Q

What is atrial myxoma? Where does it usually grow?

A

A noncancerous tumour in the upper left or right side of the heart
Most often grows on the wall that separates the two sides of the heart.

45
Q

What is a cardiac tamponade

A

A collection of blood/fluid/pus/clots/gas around the heart/pericardial space that prevents contractions. Medical emergency.

46
Q

Treatment of pericarditis

A

Pain relief, NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

47
Q

What are reactive arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis symptoms of?

A

Aortic regurgitation

48
Q

What will left sided heart failure on examination?

A

MAT CAT
Mitral regurgitation,
apex displaced,
tachycardic
Crackles bilateral and basal,
auscultation 3 rd heart sound,
tachypnoea

49
Q

What will you hear in acute pericarditis?

A

Triphasic systolic and diastolic murmur

50
Q

Signs of cardiac tamponade

A

Displaced heart sounds/muffled heart sounds, displaced JVP, low blood pressure

51
Q

How do you treat Wenckebach’s phenomenon (heart block) with MI?

A

Temporary cardiac pacing
alongside PCI

52
Q

Where are left side systemic circulation murmurs loudest?

A

Loudest on expiration

53
Q

Where are right side pulmonary circulation murmurs loudest?

A

Loudest on Inspiration

54
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Aortic stenosis

55
Q

What causes S1 heart sound? When is it soft and loud?

A

-Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
-Soft if long PR or mitral regurgitation
-Loud in mitral stenosis, anaemia, thin patients

56
Q

What causes S2 heart sound? When is it softer and louder? Is splitting normal?

A

-Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves
-Soft in mild aortic stenosis, louder the more severe
-Splitting during inspiration is normal

57
Q

What causes S3 heart sound? When is it normal? When is it pathological?

A

-Caused by diastolic filling of the ventricle
-Considered normal if under 30 years old (may persist in women up to 50 years old)
-Heard in left ventricular failure (e.g. dilated cardiomyopathy), constrictive pericarditis (called a pericardial knock) and mitral regurgitation

58
Q

What causes S4?

A

-Caused by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle
-May be heard in aortic stenosis, HOCM, hypertension
-In HOCM a double apical impulse may be felt as a result of a palpable S4

59
Q

What leads in ECG show ANTERIOR MI (left anterior descending artery)?

A

V1-V4

60
Q

What leads in ECG show INFERIOR MI (right coronary artery)?

A

II, III, aVF

61
Q

What leads in ECG show LATERAL MI (circumflex artery)?

A

I, avL, V5, V6

62
Q

6Ps of acute limb ischaemia

A

Pale,Pulseless, Painful, Paralysed, Paraesthetic, Perishingly cold

63
Q

Treatments for different types of shock

A

Shock – Types and Treatments
ABCDE
Oxygen
Volume replacement Hypovalaemic
Inotropes for Cardiogenic
Chest drain for Obstructive
Vasopressors for Septic
Adrenaline for Anaphylaxis

An Old Virgin Hides, Cause Other Virgins Slag Adult Abstinence

My Buzzwords (6 decks)

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