Resp. 2-neoplasma Flashcards
1
Q
Are most lung cancers caught early or late?
A
most are caught late, so the prognosis is pretty uniform
2
Q
Why do we distinguish between small cell and non-small cell lung cancers?
A
- Distinguish between adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and other subtypes
- important therapeutic implications
3
Q
What is the pathogenesis and risk factors of lung cancer?
A
Follow dysplasia to carcinoma sequence Tobacco – ***most common carcinogen -Amount of daily smoking -Tendency to inhale deeply -Duration of habit -Exposure to second-hand smoking -1200 substances in cigarette smoke Industrial Hazards Miners of radioactive ore Miners exposed to dusts Asbestos exposure Air Pollution (Radon) Molecular Genetics
4
Q
Why does lung cancer often present late?
A
other alveoli can pick up the slack if one thing is obstructed
5
Q
What is squamous cell carcinoma ?
A
- strongly associated with smoking
- 20-30% of lung cancer
- from the cells lining large airways
- CENTRAL LESION (leads to obstruction) and can have extensive necrosis and cavitation
- well-described sequence of histologically identifiable events
- Histologically can be very well differentiated or have minimal features
6
Q
What are the treatment implications of squamous cell carcinoma?
A
-higher likelihood of adverse response to a class of drugs
-Anti-VEGF inhibitors (e.g. Bevucizumab)–Associated with hemorrhage
-distinction between squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and others critical for therapy
Lower probability of a molecular event that is associated with targeted therapy
