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Buzzwords > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Positive Ziehl-Neelsen stain for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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2
Q

Caseous Necrosis

A

TB

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3
Q

Apical disease is most likely:

A

(Secondary) TB

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4
Q

Miliary Tuberculosus

A

Spread of organisms into the bloodstream

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5
Q

If miliary tuberculous organisms spread by pulmonary artery…

A

Miliary dissemination into the lung occurs

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6
Q

If Miliary tuberculosis organisms spread via pulmonary vein…

A

Systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen and kidneys

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7
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpastures syndrome

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8
Q

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as a pet

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

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9
Q

Dry cough + diarrhoea after holiday abroad (Spain), some indication of water spread

A

Legionella Pneumopila

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10
Q

How to test for Legionella Pneumophila

A

Test urine for antigens

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11
Q

Tall thin young man (marijuana)

A

Probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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12
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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13
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT)

A

Bronchiectasis

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14
Q

Signet ring sign

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

D sign on x-ray

A

Empyema

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16
Q

“Steeple” sign on x-ray

A

Laryngotrachebronchitis/croup

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17
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup

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18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with co-tramoxazole [+prednisalone if severe]

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19
Q

Asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

Samters triad

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20
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klesbiella pneumoniae

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21
Q

Red jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

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22
Q

Mucous sputum

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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23
Q

Rusty Sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

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24
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

Classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

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25
Q

Morning headache

A

Hypercapnia or side effects of organic nitrates

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26
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma of lung

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27
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of lung

28
Q

Increasing serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoid

29
Q

Egg shell calcification at hilar region

A

Silicosis

30
Q

Heart failure cells seen in alveolar spaces

A

(Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin)
Found in;
-chronic pulmonary oedema
-associated (severe) left-ventricular heart failure
-long-standing pulmonary hypertension

31
Q

Ghon Focus

A

Area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung, beneath the pleura - found in TB infection

32
Q

Ghon Focus rupture

A

(Rare)
Rupture through the visceral pleura into the pleural cavity will produce tuberculous pleurisy

33
Q

Assman focus

A

Apical lesions of secondary tuberculosis infection

34
Q

‘Coin lesion’ found on chest radiographs

A

Rounded solitary lesion

Common lesions are;
-primary bronchial or lung carcinoma
-carcinoid tumour
-metastatic tumour
-bronchial hamartoma
-granulomatous inflammation
-lung abscess

35
Q

When does horners syndrome occur?

A

When there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes or a Pancoasts tumour

36
Q

Signs of Horners syndrome

A

-ptosis (drooping of the eyelid)
-enophthalmos (sunken eye)
-Miosis (small pupil)
-lack of sweating on the ipsilateral side of the face

37
Q

Why do the signs of Horners syndrome occur

A

Due to invasion of the cervical sympathetic chain

38
Q

Thumbprint sign on head x-ray

A

Epiglottitis

39
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

Pertussis

40
Q

Snow storm appearance on x ray

A

Baritosis / silicosis

41
Q

Non-smoker + lung cancer

A

(Peripheral) adenocarcinoma

42
Q

Where are squamous + small cell lung cancers located

A

Central

43
Q

High d-dimers

A

Suspect (but not diagnose) pulmonary embolism

44
Q

Action to take if high d-dimers found

A

Send for CTPA or V/Q scan

45
Q

Low d-dimers

A

Exclude pulmonary embolism

46
Q

Large PE

A

Thrombolysis

47
Q

Small PE

A

DOAC

48
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Panic attack

49
Q

Frank pus on aspiration

A

Empyema

50
Q

Raised eosinophils on obstructive lung disease

A

Asthma

51
Q

Raised neutrophils in obstructive lung disease

A

COPD

52
Q

Pickwickian disease

A

(Obesity hypoventilation syndrome)
Obese people whose body fat prevents air getting in
-causes sleep apnoea and hypercapnia

53
Q

Guillian-Barre disease

A

Causes paralysis

Normally preceded by a strep. Throat / infection of respiratory or GI tract.

A.K.A polyneuritis (meaning rapidly progressive, ascending motor neurone paralysis, beginning in the feet and ascending to the other muscles)

54
Q

Types of coal workers pneumoconiosis

A

Simple (early form)
Progressive massive fibrosis (later form)

55
Q

Where are problems found in coal workers pneumoconiosis?

A

Apex of lung

56
Q

When does adult respiratory distress syndrome occur?

A

When non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema leads to acute respiratory failure

57
Q

What does CXR show in adult respiratory distress syndrome?

A

Bilateral alveolar shadowing

58
Q

TLCO

A

How well oxygen can diffuse into the blood

59
Q

Asbestosis problems are found…

A

At the base of the lung

60
Q

Treatment of PE if not immediately life threatening

A

Anticoagulation therapy
(Apixaban / rivaroxaban)

61
Q

Type 1 diabetic presents with vomiting and not taking her insulin. Dehydrated and deep laboured breathing

A

Metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis)

62
Q

22 year old woman, weight loss, sputum, night sweats, tender well defined nodules on shins bilaterally

A

Erythema nodosum

63
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Moans - GI conditions (constipation/nausea/decreased appetite/ abdominal pain/ peptic ulcer disease
Bones - (bone aches/ fractures/ loss of height)
Stones - kidney conditions (kidney stones/ frequent urination)
Groans - psychological conditions (confusion, dementia, memory loss, depression)

64
Q

Brachial plexus lesion

A

Finger tingling, arm pain

65
Q

Farmers lung antigen

A

Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula

Buzzwords (5 decks)

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