GI Flashcards
Gingival hypertrophy
Gingivectomy/biting on own gums -> side effect of calcium change blockers or phenytoin
Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)
Achalasia
(If in lower GI imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction)
Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive
Acute pancreatitis
Murphy sign positiv
Cholecystitis
Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain
Biliary obstruction
Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness
Portal hypertension + ascites
Pyoderma gangrenosum, eryhtema nodosum
Crohn’s/UC
“Tinkling bowel sounds”
Bowel obstruction
Vesicular rash + weight loss
Coeliac disease
Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)
Gastric cancer
Urea breath test
H. Pylori
Carbon-14 breath test
Bacterial overgrowth
Rice water like stools
Vibrio cholera
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Presence of AMA (anti mitochondrial antibodies)
Autoimmune hepatitis
Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)
Alpha feto protein assay
Hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)
Cobblestone mucosa - indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa
Found in Crohn’s disease
Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)
Spironolactone
Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow
Diffuse oesophageal spasm
Severe abdo pain + D&V after raw milk
Campylobacter
Russell’s sign
Self induced vomiting
Mallorys hyaline bodies
Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis
Crypt abscess / cryptitis
Inflammatory bowel Crohn’s
Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Signet ring cells seen on biopsy
Linitis plastica- diffuse stomach cancer
Thumb-printing on x-ray commonly at splenic flexure
Ischaemic colitis
Chariots triad
Acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithasis
Causes for abdominal mass;
A CHEMICAL
- AAA
- Crohn’s
- hernia
- enlarged organ
- malignancy
- intersusception,
- cyst or abscess
- appendicitis
- lymphadenopathy
Causes for bowel obstruction
BATH VIPS
- bolus
- adhesions
- tumour
- hernia
-volvulus
- intersussception
- pseudo-obstruction
- stricture
Side effect of spironolactone
Gynaecomastia
Dental stuff
Indicator of recent damage / prolonged history of damage
What type of mouth do people with Crohns have?
Stomatitis gangrenosum
Replacement of oesophagus stratified squamous epithelium by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Barrett’s oesophagus / precancer
Dukes classification
A - confined to bowel wall
B - local spread outwith bowel wall
C- lymph node metastases
Thumb printing at splenic flexure
Ischaemic colitis
