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Ecology - Dynamics > Resources - Water and Radiation > Flashcards

Resources - Water and Radiation Flashcards

1
Q

Resource

A

Anything consumed by an organism, being food, habitats, mating…

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2
Q

Autotrophs

A

One that produces new biomass from inorganic resources using either light energy or energy from reduced molecules in the envrionment.

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3
Q

Radiation as a resource…

A

Converted to organic material by CO2 reduction with solar energy assimilation

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4
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organisms feeding on material generated by other organisms, using other organic compounds as carbon sources for energy.

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5
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

Derive energy from convesion of inorganic ocmpounds like hydrogen sulphide, sulfur, ferrous iron or ammonia to reduce CO2.

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6
Q

Incident solar radiation variability…

A

Can be direct, diffused or reflected.

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7
Q

Waste of solar energy as a resource…

A

Reflection from plants as heat or latent heat of evaporation

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8
Q

Solar conversion efficiency…

A

80% reaches the chlorplasts with only a small amount converted into organic material.

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9
Q

Photosyntheticall Active Radiation

A

Light of wavelengths between 400-700 in the portion of the light spectrum utilised by plants

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10
Q

What describes available radiation to plants?

A

PAR

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11
Q

What are the effects of excess radiation to plants?

A

Contribution to production of damaging intermediates in photoinhibition

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12
Q

Photoinhibition

A

The decrease in photochemical efficiency experience in response to intense illumination due to radiation damages.

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13
Q

What is full solar radiation assimilation limited by?

A

Morphology and Physiology, optimal at only one intensity whilst suboptimal at others

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14
Q

Temporal variations of incident solar radiation…

A

Diurnally and annually

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15
Q

Adaptations of Sun Leaves…

A

Dense chloroplast packing
Smaller, thicker CP with more cells per unit area
Denser Veins
Greater Dry weight

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16
Q

Adaptations of shade leaves…

A

Increased CP concentration with decreased investment in other features to maximise light without depleting resoruces under shade.

17
Q

Example of solar limitations…

A

Competition with neighbouring leaves, diurnal and seasonal changes

18
Q

How may leaf morphologyh determine assimilation efficiency?

A

Angling to maximise surface area, superimposition in a multi-layered canopy

19
Q

How can net photosynthesis be measured?

A

CO2 uptake as the two are roughly proportional

20
Q

Light Compensation Point

A

Where rate of photosynthesis matches rate of cellular respiration

21
Q

Photosynthetic Capacity

A

Measure of maximum rate at which leaves are able to fix carbon during photosynthesis at optimal temperatures, saturated incident radiation and relative humidity.

22
Q

How is increased plant height a trade off?

A

Increases compensation point due to more structural tissue, thus more light requried to balance respiratory needs

23
Q

Which plants have highest PC?

A

The ones rarely ever limited in nutrients, being colonisers of newly available habitats.

24
Q

How is water linked to photosynthesis?

A

Solar radiation is dependent on CO2 concentrations?

25
Q

Stomata

A

Cell structures in the epidermis of tree leaves and needles involved in the exchange of CO2 and H2O between plants and the atmosphere.

26
Q

Trade off of open stomata…

A

Conserve water at expense of PS or maximise PS at risk of dehydration

27
Q

How many plants adapt to stomatal water loss?

A

Remaining dormant as seeds with low water whilst highly photosynthetic plants when abundant
Shedding of leaves in times of drought.

28
Q

DIrunally stomatal changes…

A

Remain water tight except in conditions where water is readily available…

29
Q

Water uptake in plants…

A

Primarily through the roots with mycorrhizal associaitons.

30
Q

Soil pores filling…

A

Pores between soil particles uptake water that enters by precpitation acting as a reservoire

31
Q

Permanent Wilting Point

A

The point where no water available to the plant

32
Q

How does water capacity depend on soil structure?

A

Capillary action can hold water if pores are wide, so sandy soils drain away against gravity

33
Q

Why does water extraction for roots require force?

A

Surface tension holds water there

34
Q

How does water resistance in absorption change over time?

A

The first water drained has weakest capillary forces, thus later narrower pathways have increased resistance.

Ecology - Dynamics (9 decks)

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