Resources and their Use Flashcards
How did Pyman (VLE, 2017) summarise a discussion on educational productivity?
Generally the greater the level of centralised accountability the more embedded the culture of educational productivity and the importance of the effective & efficient use of resources
What is adequacy?
Ensuring that an institution has sufficient funds to meet its objectives.
What is horizontal equity?
Where similar needs are given similar resources.
Centralised government spending leads to…
…increased equity.
What is the difference between equality of opportunity vs equality?
Equality of opportunity means being able to make the same choices.
Equality means receive the same resources/allocation/income.
What is educational productivity?
The amount of inputs used to achieve the amount of outputs.
What is this a definition of?
Taking an output as a given and mainly being concerned with minimising the cost.
Internal efficiency.
Increasing equity in higher education funding would lead to what?
National development
Regarding efficiency, what are often considered to be an institutions outputs?
Often exam results, but could be thought of more broadly e.g. employability.
What is the downside to parents contributing towards their children’s education?
Increases inequity.
Why should the state contribute to education?
- Equity - or educational opportunities are determined by parental income.
- Efficiency - education has external benefits for society e.g. a more productive workforce
Which concept is educational productivity related to?
Efficiency
What is vertical equity?
Where those with greater learning needs receive more resources.
What is efficiency?
An institution’s inputs against its outputs i.e. cost against its outputs.
How did Glynn (1993) describe value for money?
Striving to do the best you can with the available resources.
What are the downsides of a cost-sharing model associated with higher education?
May lead to inequity if the funding isn’t sufficient.
What is technical efficiency?
The relationship between a combination of inputs and the resulting outputs.
e.g. 2 students enter 2 different schools with the same prior of achievement - this would test the technical efficiency of the respective institutions.
What is this?
The amount of inputs used to achieve the amount of outputs.
Educational productivity
Who described value for money as this?
Striving to do the best you can with the available resources.
Glynn (1993)
What are the two main forms of equity?
- horizontal
- vertical
What is a common cost-sharing model associated with higher education/
Current UK model based on parental income
How would Levacic (1997) define internal efficiency?
Takes the output as a given - it is mainly concerned with minimising the cost.
Who offered this definition of effectiveness?
The extent to which an organisation meets its objectives regardless of cost.
The Audit Commission (1984)
What is economy?
Aquisition of resources at the lowest costs.
In countries where the state cannot raise enough tax revenue to provide free education (e.g. Kenya), what has the World Bank suggested?
Parents pay fees to:increase efficiency (by expanding the provision).
Who differentiates between internal and external efficiency?
Levacic 1997
Who said…
‘Generally the greater the level of centralised accountability the more embedded the culture of educational productivity and the importance of the effective & efficient use of resources’?
Pyman (VLE, 2017)
What did Levacic (1997) say regarding efficiency?
She differentiates between internal and external efficiency.
What is value for money?
Something which is both efficient and effective.
What could be tested in the following scenario?
2 students enter 2 different schools with the same prior of achievement.
Technical efficiency.
What is external efficiency?
Includes the value placed on outputs.
How does the Audit Commission (1984) define effectiveness?
The extent to which an organisation meets its objectives regardless of cost.
