Resources and Reagents Flashcards
Pipette
Used for the transfer of a liquid from one container to another
Can be reusable or disposable
Micropipette
Used for the measurement of volume in microliters
1-1000 uL
Meniscus
The curve at the surface of a liquid in a container
“To Contain” Pipette
Calibrated to hold the exact volume of liquid specified
“To Deliver” Pipette
Calibrated to deliver the specified volume of liquid when expelled
What are the two types of measuring Pipettes?
Serological and Mohr
Serological Pipette
Graduated to allow multiple volumes to be delivered
Marks extending to the tip of the pipette
Mohr Pipette
Graduating, markings do not extend past the tip
Self draining; controlled delivery
What is a Transfer Pipette?
Moving one volume to the next with a higher degree of accuracy
What are the two types of Transfer Pipettes?
Volumetric Transfer Pipette and Ostwald-Folin Transfer Pipette
Volumetric Transfer Pipette
Indicates one volume
Ostwald-Folin Transfer Pipette
Small volumes (blood or serum)
What is the most used pipette in the lab?
Automatic Pipette
Why is glass used in the lab?
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Absorbs metal ions
What should be used instead of glassware and why?
Plastic
pH’s above 6.0 (alkaline solutions)
What is the most reusable glassware in the lab?
Borosilicate glass
Pyrex and Kimax brands
List the containers from most to least accurate
Volumetric Flask
Graduated Cylinder
Erlenmeyer Flask
Beaker
What should be done with dirty utensils?
Soaked in weak detergent or 10% household bleach
What is centrifugation?
Using force to separate the lighter portions of a solution, mixture, or suspension from heavier portions
Measured in revolutions per minute
What are the main types of Centrifuges?
Horizontal-head
Angle-head
Ultracentrifuge
Horizontal-Head Centrifuges
Swinging bucket type
Serum separator devices
Angle-Head Centrifuge
25-52 degree angle
Ultracentrifuge
Highest speed
Refrigerated
When should the Centrifuge be checked and what for?
Every 6 months, not differ by more than 5%
What are the two kinds of balances?
Mechanical (Fulcrum)
Electronic (Electromagnetic force)
Calibrated monthly
What is Taring?
Obtaining net weight by substracting the container by the total weight of sample and container
What is the most commonly used balance in the lab?
Single-Pan balance
What is the most accurate type of balance?
Analytical balance
Accurate to 0.1mg
Reagent
Compound/mixture used to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances
Reference Material
Material with multiple properties to be used for calibration of equipment
What is a direct indication of the purity of chemicals/reagents?
Quality of the analytical results
Which reagents are avaliable?
Analytical Reagent (AR)
Ultrapure
Chemically Pure (CP)
What needs to be met for a reagent to be described as analytical reagent grade?
Meet the specifications of the American Chemical Society
Ultrapure Reagent
Put through additional purification for specific procedures
Chemically Pure Reagent
Indicates impurities are not stated and the chemical is not uniform
Water Purification
Removing contaminants removed from water
What is the most frequently used reagent in the lab?
Water
T/F. Water quality is defined by the purification process used
False
What processes are used to prepare reagent water?
Distillation
Deionization
Reverse Osmosis
Ultrafiltration
Distilled Water
Purified to remove organic materials
Water is boiled and vaporized
Deionization
Some or all ions removed
Organic material may be present
Excellent in removing dissolved ionized solids and dissolved gases
Reverse Osmosis
Water is forced through a semipermeable membrane
Does not remove dissolved gases
Ultrafiltration
Water passes through a membrane <0.2 mm
Does not effectively remove dissolved ionized solids and gases
Ultraviolet Oxidation and Sterilization
Oxidation; 185 nm, Sterilization; 254 nm
Sterilization is more commonly used
Type III Water
Less pure than I and II
Not acceptable for analysis or reagent preparation
Type II Water
Less pure than I; More pure than III
Type I Water
Purest water
Requirement for analytical labs
Used for highly sensitive procedures
CLRW
Used in all quantitative and most qualitative laboratory procedures
What must be used in chromosome analyses, HLA testing, and in Vitro fertilization?
Special purpose reagent water
Calibration
Describes the relationship between instrument and concentration
Primary process used to maintain accuracy
Calibrator
Material used to calibrate an instrument
Used to assess or correct accuracy
Control
Analyzed for QC purposes
Verify system and accuracy
Standards
Material with a known concentration to be used in quantitative analysis
