resources and development Flashcards
revision
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what is a resource?
Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘Resource’.
explain classification of resources
(a) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable
(c) On the basis of ownership – individual, community, national and international
(d) On the basis of status of development – potential, developed stock and reserves.
what is sustainable development??
Sustainable economic development means ‘development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations.’
Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992
In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the first International Earth Summit. The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and
adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st century.
Agenda 21
It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), which took place at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common
interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities. One major objective of the Agenda 21 is that every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21.
diversity of india with resources
- the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya
Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits. - Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development.
- The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources.
- The cold desert of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the country. It has very rich cultural heritage but it is deficient in water, infrastructure and some vital minerals.
Resource Planning in India
(i) identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
(ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing
resource development plans.
(iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall
national development plans.
indian relief features
About 43 per cent of the land area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry. Mountains account for 30 per cent of the total surface area of the country and
ensure perennial flow of some rivers, provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects. About 27 per cent of the area of the country is the plateau region. It possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.
tell land degradation in india
- In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya
Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation. - In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation.
- In the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
important factors in the formation of
soil
Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute to the formation of soil.
alluvial soil
- widely spread and most important soil
- deposited by indus, ganga and brahmaputra
- found in deltas of mahanadi, godavari, krishna and kaveri
- consists of sand, silt and clay
- more common in piedmont plains such as duars, chos and terai.
- old alluvial soil (bangar) and new alluvial (khadar)
- very fertile
- contain potash, phosphoric acid and lime
- growing sugarcane, paddy, wheat and cereal
black soil
- also known as regur soil.
- climate condition with parent rock r factors for soil formation
- covers maharashtra, saurashtra, malwa, madhya pradesh and chattisgarh.
- made of clayey material. very good water holding capacity
- rich in nutrients like calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime
- develop crack during during hot weather
red and yellow soil
- develops crystalline igneaous rocks in area of low rainfall
- found in parts of odish and chhatiisgarh
- reddish colour dur to diffusion of iron
- looksyellow when in hydrated form
laterite soil
- latin word ‘later’ meaning brick
- mostly deep to very deep acidic
- found in maharashtra, odisha and bengal
- support decideous and evergreen forest
- it can be rch or poor in humus
- prome for errosion and degradation
- with techniques and karnataka, kerela and tamil nadu used soil for growing tea and coffee and cashew nuts
arid soil
- sandy in texture and saline in nature
- salt contain is very high
- evaporation is faster and lacks humus and moisture
- lower horizon contain kankar increasing calcium
- proper irrigation can make soil useful
- found in rajasthan or dessert areas
