Resource Transport Flashcards
What do polar/charged molecules need to cross the membrane?
Transmembrane proteins
What type of molecules can diffuse through the membrane?
Nonpolar molecules
What type of transport moves solutes against the concentration gradient?
A: Active transport
What type of transport moves solutes from high to low concentration without energy?
A: Passive transport
How does an open circulatory system function?
A: Circulatory fluid bathes organs directly
Which organisms have an open circulatory system?
A: Arthropods & most mollusks
What is the circulatory fluid in an open system called?
A: Hemolymph
How is hemolymph moved in the body?
A: Heart(s) pump fluid to sinuses
What is double circulation?
A: Blood passes through two circuits powered by two pumps
What does the right side of the heart do?
A: Moves blood to the pulmonary circuit for oxygenation
What does the left side of the heart do?
A: Moves blood to systemic capillaries
What happens to blood in the systemic capillaries?
A: It is deoxygenated and binds CO2
Why is the capillary system effective despite tiny vessels?
A: Capillaries are abundant, increasing the total effective area
Why does pressure decrease in capillaries?
A: Same fluid volume, but greater capillary volume
What happens to blood pressure and flow rate across capillary beds?
A: They drop
What hypothesis explains transpiration?
Cohesion-Tension hypothesis
What drives phloem flow (translocation)?
Metabolism (ATP use)
How does loading sucrose affect water potential (Ψs)?
Lowers Ψs, causing water uptake by osmosis
What happens when water is taken up in the sieve tube?
Ψp increases, water flows down pressure gradient
