Energy, nutrients and acquisition 2 Flashcards
What process breaks bonds in molecules during chemical digestion?
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Why do most animals have specialized digestive compartments?
A: To prevent self-digestion
How are food particles taken in during intracellular digestion?
A: Phagocytosis
What do food vacuoles fuse with during intracellular digestion?
A: Lysosomes
Which animals digest food entirely by intracellular digestion?
A: Sponges
What digestive structure do animals with simple body plans have?
A: Gastrovascular cavity
What is the function of the oral cavity in digestion?
Food intake & breakdown
What process do teeth and tongue perform?
Mastication
What does saliva contain?
Lubricant & amylase
What enzyme in saliva breaks down carbohydrates?
Amylase
What structure transports food to the stomach?
Esophagus
What process moves food through the esophagus?
Peristalsis
What does the stomach secrete, and what are their functions?
HCl (acid, pH 2) & Pepsin (enzyme for protein breakdown)
What does the liver produce, and where is it stored?
Liver makes bile, stored in the gall bladder
There are four classes of essential nutrients
A) Essential amino acids
B) Essential fatty acids
C) Vitamins
D) Minerals
Essential fatty acids must be obtained from diet and its examples are:
PUFA’s: DHA & EPA
*Seafood
How do some plants supplement their mineral intake?
A: By trapping and digesting animals
What two modes of nutrition do carnivorous plants exhibit?
A: Photoautotrophic and Chemoheterotrophic
Where are carnivorous plants often found?
Nutrient-poor habitats
