Resource Reliance Flashcards
Goat Aid (local)
- Goat Aid - bottom up
3 goats given to single headed female households → Self sustaining upward spiral
Health: provides the family with food (cheese, milk, meat) → food security and balanced diet, selling the goats offspring produces money for healthcare + medication.
Education: Provides money for education, books + equitment. Provides family with knowledge on how to breed goats + agriculture + business
Financial Security: money made can be invested into education, children, healthcare who will go on to have better jobs and make money + money can be put into helping the local community
money can be deposited in credit unions or invested in stocks and loans
Phsycological boost & independence for the women
Problems
→ amount of goats
→ type of goats
→ vetrinary care (+ training) → vaccination
1984 Hunger Crisis (past)
1984: Hunger Crisis
March: Ethiopian gov appeal for international food aid
Summer: Aid agencies struggle to meet the needs of people who are hungry
October: 8 million Ethiopians risk starvation. Michael Buerk’s BBC footage shocks the world with images of the ‘biblical famine’
November: Aid and support increased because of public donations and interest
UN estimate 1mill people will die
Attempts made to help Ethiopia recover (1985-1987)
- World Vision has 13 nutrition health centres
- 100,000 metric tonnes of food + 18,000 tonnes of relief supplies + medicine → establishing medical and sanitation services to support children and families
- Live Aid - July 1985
Disaster Risk Management
- (FEWs) early nre famine warning systems created by US aid → analyses factors and likley hood of famine and allows people to take action
Failures
→ Money from Live Aid was used to buy food but the organisation lacked infastrucutre to deliver it where it was needed
→ Funds were delivered to the corrupt gov and was directed away from famine relief
→ Gov moved people to move to feeding centres as a way of exerting control and worsened the outcomes for people
→ Food and aid was expensive. US legislation said all food must be purchased and shipped by the US → inefficient (tied aid)
GM crop farming
GM crop farming
agriculture → selective breeding has been around for centuries
Green Evolution has allowed them to grow strong plants with, high-yield varieties
takes years to produce improved crop varieties → based on natural cross - breeding
- have their DNA artificially altered by scientists making the process
- take gene which codes for the desired trait → allow that trait to manifest
GM plants are grown commercially in select places because it is controversial and people worry worry about the impacts of mixing tech + nature
Spectasism around the benefit this has on LIDCs because of terminator gene and specidic herbicides and pesticides
Higher yield, longer lasting, better quality of lifeand increased nutritional value. Reduce deforestation and increase food security.
Against
→ long-term effects on humans is uknown and the tests have been inconclusive
→ long-term affect om environment
the resistance of GM crops to pesticides could impact ecosystems and human health
→ lack of awareness or ability to make an informed choice
→ Economic : have to repurchase seeds annually affecting their ability to compete in the global market
For
→ GMO foods have been used in the Global MARKET FOR 20+ YEARS
National Academy for Sciences agreed with the US regulatory agencies, scientists and leading health asociations
→ GM commodities do less tiling, which reduces top soil loss and fertiliser run off
→ Reduced CO2 emissions, increased yeild and reduced Pesticide use
Malthus
Thomas Malthus
late 18th century & early 19th century
clergyman, religious leader, philosopher → pessimistic view of people and morality
predicted different rates of increase would lead to a crisis, resulting in positive and preventative checks
Positive Checks
→ include disease and famine which increases death rate and reduces total population size
Preventative Checks
→ things people can to do to reduce population growth, contraception and marriage
Failings
→ increased trade
→ increased mechanisation + industrialisation
→ increased shelf life of food, freezing, tin cans
→ Natural + renewable energy resources
→ efficient + variety + bigger yields of produce
→ family planning
→ reduction in birth rate
based findings off rabbits, extremely different to humans
evidence at a local scale but not a global scale
Boserp
before the point of crisis is reached new technology would be discovered → increasing food supply
→ population ‘every generation there will be a ‘leap’ in one ability to make more food
Failings
- implies we can’t continue to find more land for agriculture → hydroponics
- may increase physical food available but will it give give people economic access?
Evidence
Malthus
→ UN has predicted that 45% of world’s population will have insufficient supplies by 2050
→ Populations grow rapidly in LIDCs when mortality begins to fall (stage 2 DTM)
→ 800 people are currently malnourished according to United Nation & Agriculture Organisation
Boserp
→ introduction of Genetically Modified Crops
→ Terracing hillsides and reclaiming land from the sea, increasing area available for cultivation
→ Green Revolution - yield two fold
→ Pesticides, fertilisers, irrigation and mechanisation
Ways to achieve food security
Ethical Consumerism (Fair Trade)
Social
+
discrimination is not allowed
child labour reduced
farmers live in better conditions and quality of life improves
-
17% of farmers + 41% of workers are femals
Economic
+
producers are assured a minimum price
economic gains can produce better quality of life
-
higher fees
big buyers arent attracted to the idea
Environment
+
food produced close to consumers, reducing how far it has to travel
uses more organic techniques
reduces greenhouse gas emmisions, conserves wildlife and prevents the use of pesticides
Organic Farming
Social
-
more labour intensive
farmers need to be more skilled (cultivate poorer soil)
+
people think they are healthier, less chemicals used
Economic
+
resources are recycled
-
yield is lower for prices are higher
expensive for farmers to produce
more land needed for the same amount of food
Environmental
+
increased biodiversity → encourages a wider variety of insects
minimises external cost, side effects
long -term soil management solutiom
-
organic fertiliser is less effective meaning food is lost to weeds and pests
Intensive Farming
Social
+
increased food security → large quanitity of food produced
-
some consider it unethical
increased risk of cancer
exported and sold → can’t be affored by local people
Economic
+
cheap to produce + higher yield
-
addatives and fertilisers are expensive
Environmental
-
chemical fertilisers pollute air + environment → cause eutrophication → reduction in biodiversity
Mechanisation, Industrial → source of greenhouse gases
Animals kept in cramped conditons
Large amounts of water used for irrigation
