Resource Management

Question 1

Resource

Answer 1

Any feature or part of the environment that can be useful to people

Question 2

Natural resources

Answer 2

Those resources that occur in the air, water or on land

Question 3

Examples of natural resources

Answer 3

Abiotic
Biotic
Non renewable
Renewable

Question 4

Abiotic resources

Answer 4

Obtained from the lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere

Eg minerals, soil, sunlight, precipitation and fresh water

Question 5

Biotic resources

Answer 5

Obtained from biosphere
Capable of reproduction
Eg animals, birds, plants, fungi and other similar organisms

Question 6

Non renewable resources

Answer 6

Those that cannot be remade because they would take millions of years to form
Eg coal, oil, uranium and natural gas

Question 7

Renewable resources

Answer 7

Those that are potentially inexhaustible and can be naturally replenished in a much shorter timescale
Eg wind, solar and hydroelectric power

Question 8

How much more natural resources are we extracting now compared to 30 years ago?

Answer 8

50%

Question 9

Why are we extracting natural resources?

Answer 9

To obtain water, food and energy

Question 10

Approximately how much raw materials are we extracting a year?

Answer 10

60 billion tonnes

Question 11

What does the natural environment provide us with?

Answer 11

Life resources including cotton (clothing), energy (heat and electricity) and building materials (roads and houses)

Question 12

Why are global consumption demands continuing to increase?

Answer 12

The rapid industrialisation of counties such as China and India

Question 13

Why are life resources being exploited?

Answer 13

Global consumption demands increasing due to industrialisation
We need more water, food and energy

Question 14

Where has the environment been exploited through deforestation?

Answer 14

Cameroon

Question 15

Palm oil

Answer 15

A resource often labelled with the umbrella term ‘vegetable oil’ which is one of the primary ingredients used in foods such as chocolate, ice cream and pizza
Also used in non food products such as lipstick and soap

Question 16

Why has palm oil grown in value?

Answer 16

Rising demand for food

Question 17

% of Cameroon covered by rainforest

Answer 17

48%

Question 18

% of rainforest cut down every year in Cameroon

Answer 18

1%

Question 19

Why are trees cut down in Cameroon?

Answer 19

Timber and farming

Palm oil plantations

Question 20

What does deforestation have an impact on in Cameroon?

Answer 20

Ancient forest- one of the earth’s biodiversity hotspots

Question 21

How many species of plant and mammals live in Cameroon?

Answer 21

8000 plant species

250 species of mammal including chimpanzees, gorillas, forest elephants and leopards

Question 22

What does deforestation result in?

Answer 22

Soil erosion, particularly in tropical climates where rainfall falls on cleared land

Question 23

In Cote d’Ivoie, how many tonnes of soil did each hectare of land lose a year? What did this increase to due to farmland and bare soil?

Answer 23

0.03 tonnes
Increased to 90 tonnes per hectare from farmland
Increased to 138 tonnes a year from bare soil

Question 24

How many tonnes of soil per hectare does Madagascar lose due to soil erosion?

Answer 24

400 per year

Question 25

Why does soil erosion cost developing and emerging counties billions of dollars a year?

Answer 25

Direct and indirect damaged through loss of valuable soil, the pollution of water supplies and impact on infrastructure and fishing

Question 26

What % can careful management reduce soil loss by?

Answer 26

95%

Question 27

What is soil erosion a big problem for without careful management?

Answer 27

Future food security

Question 28

Where is oil extracted?

Answer 28

Ecuador

Question 29

What is the Amazon rainforest considered to be?

Answer 29

One of the most diverse places in the world

Question 30

What is the Amazon rainforest home to?

Answer 30

1 in 10 of the Earth’s known species

Question 31

How many acres does the Amazon rainforest cover?

Answer 31

Over 1.4 billion- one half of the planet’s remaining tropical forests

Question 32

When was oil discovered in the northern region of the Ecuadorian Amazon?

Answer 32

During the 1960s

Question 33

What was the northern region of the Ecuadorian Amazon known as?

Answer 33

The Oriente (the East)

Question 34

What is the Oriente home to?

Answer 34

Indigenous tribes who live traditional lifestyles

Question 35

What do the forests in the Ecuadorian Amazon provide the indigenous tribes with?

Answer 35

Physical and cultural subsistence base for their daily survival

Question 36

What poses a threat to the environment and people in the Ecuadorian Amazon?

Answer 36

Operations involved in extracting oil

Question 37

What has oil extraction caused?

Answer 37

Pipelines cracking Waste pits filled with crude oil waste Toxic sludge overflowing- flows into the rivers of the Oriente, causing widespread pollution. Results in serious damage to local ecosystems and to the natural resources on which local people rely, particularly water for drinking, cooking, bathing and fishing Risks health and long term survival

Question 38

Where is overfishing common?

Answer 38

The North Sea

Question 39

What do millions of people rely on fish for?

Answer 39

A source of protein | A form of employment

Question 40

What was believed about the seas and oceans for many years?

Answer 40

They could provide a limitless supply of food to feed a growing world population

Question 41

In the last 50 years, what have unsustainable fishing practices resulted in?

Answer 41

Critical fish population levels- more being caught than replaced through natural reproduction

Question 42

What has decades of overfishing in the North Sea led to a severe decline of?

Answer 42

Cod numbers

Question 43

How have cod catches risen and fallen?

Answer 43

300,000 tonnes in 1970s Fell to 20,000 tonnes in 2006 Recovering to 70,000 tonnes in 2015

Question 44

Where are some rare valuable minerals found?

Answer 44

Areas on volcanic activity

Question 45

Examples of rare valuable minerals

Answer 45

Gold | Diamonds

Question 46

What impact can the existence of rare valuable minerals have on a country’s economy?

Answer 46

Significant influence

Question 47

What minerals are far more common?

Answer 47

Eg iron | China, Brazil, India, Russia and Australia are key producers

Question 48

Where are fossil fuels found?

Answer 48

Areas made of rocks formed by deposition (sedimentary rocks)

Question 49

Where are the main oil reserves found?

Answer 49

The Middle East | Countries such as Saudi Arabia and Iran are estimated to have reserves of more than 100 billion barrels

Question 50

Where is natural gas found?

Answer 50

Russia

Question 51

What does the biosphere create?

Answer 51

Important resources for people, particularly through agriculture and forestry

Question 52

Why do some regions have forests or are suitable for farming?

Answer 52

Variations in climate and soil quality High productivity near the equator due to high precipitation and sun Lower at the poles and tropics due to very low precipitation and deserts

Question 53

% of Earth made up of farmland

Answer 53

40%

Question 54

% of Earth covered by forests

Answer 54

30%

Question 55

% of forests that have already been exploited for timber and to create farmland

Answer 55

80%

Question 56

What has the geological history of the UK shaped?

Answer 56

The distribution of minerals and fossil fuels

Question 57

What resources helped fuel the industrial revolution in the UK?

Answer 57

Iron and coal | Far less mined today

Question 58

What is important in the North Sea?

Answer 58

Oil and gas but they are declining sources of energy

Question 59

What was the UK once covered by?

Answer 59

Broadleaved and coniferous forest

Question 60

% of UK that is woodland

Answer 60

12%

Question 61

How much of the UK is ancient forest?

Answer 61

1/3

Question 62

Where are some of the largest UK areas of remaining ancient forest?

Answer 62

Part of the Caledonian Forest in Scotland

Question 63

% of UK that is farmland

Answer 63

75%

Question 64

Where is more pasture for grazing animals in the UK?

Answer 64

The wetter and higher land of the north and west

Question 65

Where is UK arable farming?

Answer 65

Drier south east | One of the most productive areas is East Anglia

Question 66

What is grown in fertile soils in East Anglia (arable farming)?

Answer 66

Potatoes Cereals Vegetables Helped by warm summers and flat land

Question 67

Where are water resources plentiful in the UK?

Answer 67

North and west | Annual rainfall higher and population density lower

Question 68

Where are water resources generally lower in the UK?

Answer 68

South east Population density high Rainfall low

Question 69

What can cause serious water stress in the UK?

Answer 69

Combination of high population density and low levels of precipitation in the south east Supply not able to meet demand

Question 70

Why has the UK implemented a number of strategies?

Answer 70

To find new water sources Reduce leaks Manage demand for water

Question 71

What is one possible solution in the UK to manage uneven water supply?

Answer 71

Redistribute the uneven supply and demand through water transfer schemes Eg the Ely Ouse transfer scheme in East Anglia, but these are too expensive to put in place for the UK as a whole

Question 72

What are essential for human life?

Answer 72

Food Energy Water

Question 73

How many times more natural resources are those in developed countries consuming compared to developing countries?

Answer 73

10 times

Question 74

How many kg of resources does someone living in North America consume each day on average?

Answer 74

90kg

Question 75

How many kg of resources does someone in Africa consume on average per day?

Answer 75

10kg

Question 76

What have increased the rates of global resource consumption?

Answer 76

Rapid growth in the world’s population | Increased economic development and standards of living

Question 77

Countries where rates of global resource consumption has increased

Answer 77

China India Brazil

Question 78

What is the global distribution of energy influenced by?

Answer 78

A number of key factors Location of fossil fuel reserves Ability to harness renewable energy resources

Question 79

Where are coal and oil reserves located?

Answer 79

Places such as the Middle East where government instability can mean supply of energy is not always straightforward

Question 80

What will global energy increase by in the next 35 years?

Answer 80

56%

Question 81

What is one of the leading contributors to increasing global energy consumption?

Answer 81

Asia

Question 82

What will increase as standards of living increase?

Answer 82

The economic development of China and India

Question 83

What has Asia’s energy consumption risen to?

Answer 83

5545 mtoe in 2014 from 2931 mtoe in 2000

Question 84

What is leading to undernourishment and undernutrition?

Answer 84

Average food consumption of less than 2000 calories

Question 85

Why does everyone in the world not get fed despite there being enough food?

Answer 85

Greed Uneven distribution Poorer countries’ inability to grow sufficient food

Question 86

What is the amount of fresh water available globally limited to?

Answer 86

3% of the earth’s water (2% of this is locked in ice caps and glaciers)

Question 87

What makes the global supply of water continuous l?

Answer 87

The hydrological cycle | Replenishes the world’s rivers, lakes and aquifers

Question 88

Why is there uneven distribution of water?

Answer 88

Amount of rainfall places receive | The rate at which water is lost through evaporation and transpiration

Question 89

Why does evaporation and transpiration rate result in the uneven distribution of water?

Answer 89

Many places have a rough balance between the two Some places eg rainforests and mountainous areas receive more than they lose resulting in a water surplus Others such as North Africa receive little rainfall and have high rates of evaporation and transpiration resulting in a water deficit