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geography 2 > Resource Management > Flashcards

Resource Management Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by malnourished?

A

When a person don’t have right balance of nutrients

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2
Q

What is meant by undernourishment?

A

Where people don’t get enough food of any kind

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3
Q

State a social effect of malnourishment

A

Malnourished = increases likelihood of diseases

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4
Q

Name 2 economic effects of having a lack of food

A
  • Not enough food = not perform well at school
    • = lack skills needed to help country’s economic development
    • prevents people from working
      • harms personal economic well-being & economy of their country
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5
Q

Name a social effect of no sanitation

A
  • Water sources get polluted by raw sewage
    • = water-borne diseases e.g. cholera = kill many people each year
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6
Q

Name 2 economic effects of not having acess to clean, safe water

A
  • Having to walk long distances to fetch clean water = have economic impact on people & country’s economy
    • People = less time working & children ≠ school
  • Water needed to produce food, clothes, etc ≠ produce goods
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7
Q

Name 2 economic effects of having electricity

A

Electricity: industries to develop + creates jobs = makes countries wealthy

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8
Q

What do people do if there’s no electricity available (2x)?

A

Burn wood or kerosene for cooking & to provide light/heat

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9
Q

What’s the social effect of buring wood?

A
  • Fuelwood = deforestation
    • People have to walk further to find wood
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10
Q

What’s the issue of using kerosene?

A

Kerosene stoves = harmful fumes & starts fires

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11
Q

Why is the global supply and consumption of resources uneven? (envrionmental wise)

A

∵ Some countries have:

  • No energy reserves
  • Dry climate/environments not suitable for food production
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12
Q

How do countries access more resources? (2x)

A

Import or find technological solutions to produce more

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13
Q

What 2 things does consumption of resources depends on?

A

country’s wealth + their availability

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14
Q

Why is consumption of resources greater in HICs?

A

∵ they can afford them (+ expect higher standard of living)

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15
Q

Why is consumption increasing rapidly in NEEs?

A

∵ Industry developing very fast & population, wealth = increasing rapidly

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16
Q

Why is consumption lower in LICs?

A

∵ Can’t afford exploit resources they have OR import

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17
Q

What is an agribusiness?

A
  • Large-scale industrial farming
    • Where processes from production of seeds & fertilisers to processing & packaging of food = controlled by large firms
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18
Q

Name 3 ways farms are changing

A
  • Farm sizes increasing
  • Amount of chemicals in food production increasing
  • No. of workers decreasing
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19
Q

Describe 2 ways in which farm sizes are increasing & why this is happening

A
  • Small farms take over & field sizes increased
    • = food produced more cheaply
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20
Q

Name 2 ways in which the amount of chemicals in food production increasing

A
  1. Large amount of artificial fertilisers & pesticides = crops
  2. Animals given special feed = encourage growth
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21
Q

Why is the no. of workers decreasing?

A

∵ greater use of machinery

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22
Q

What is the environmental impact of increasing farm size?

A

Hedgerows removed = loss in biodiversity

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23
Q

What is the environmental impact of using heavy machinery ?

A

Soil erosion

24
Q

Describe 3 ways in which the types of food in demand in UK have changed

A
  • Since 1960s: growing demand for seasonal products all year round
  • Increasing demand for high-value foods
  • Organic produce = increasingly popular
25
Q

Name 3 examples of high-value foods

A

Exotic fruits & veg, coffee, spices

26
Q

Why is there an increasing demand for high-value foods?

A

More popular as people’s income increased

27
Q

Why is organic produce becoming increasingly popular? (give 2 reasons)

A

∵ people more concerned about environmental impacts of food production & effects of chemicals on health

28
Q

Why is the problem with organic produce?

A

A lot of it is imported

29
Q

What are food miles?

A

Distance food is transported to the market

30
Q

What is a carbon footprint (food wise)?

A

Amount of greenhouse gas produced during growing, packing and transporting food

31
Q

Imported food = __________ + __________

A

high food miles + large carbon footprint

32
Q

What are people doing as they become aware of the environmental issues caused by imports?

A

Buying more food locally

33
Q

Where is there areas of water surplus in the UK?

A

North & west

34
Q

Where is there areas of water deficit in the UK & why?

A
  • South east and Midlands = high population densities = high demand (+ low rainfall)
35
Q

Why has the demand for water been increasing? (3x)

A
  • UK population expected to increase by 10 million by 2040
  • Since 1975: amount of water used by households increased by 70%
  • Population densities changing
36
Q

Why since 1975, has the amount of water used by households increased by 70%?

A

∵ people have more appliances = use more water

37
Q

Why are population densities changing?

A

Lots of new homes planned to be built in south east

38
Q

How does polluted/low quality water affect the amount of water available?

A

Reduces it

39
Q

Describe 3 ways in which water is being polluted

A
  • Nitrates & phosphates from fertilisers on crops = washed into rivers + groundwater
  • Pollutants from vehicles = washed into water sources by runoff when it rains
  • Accidental chemical & oil spills = pollute local water sources & groundwater
40
Q

Describe how pollution is affecting groundwater in southern England

A
  1. Up to 80% of water in some parts of southern England = groundwater
  2. But pollution affects quality of it by 50%
  3. ∴ many (groundwater sources) closed/had expensive treatment
41
Q

Name 2 strategies to manage the water quality

A

Improving drainage systems & imposing regulations on fertilisers and pesticides

42
Q

Name 3 issues with transfering water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit

A
  • Affect wildlife that live in rivers
  • Dams and aqueducts (bridges used to transport water) = expensive to build
  • Political issues
43
Q

Describe how water transfer schemes could affect wildlife that live in rivers

A

e.g. fish migration = disrupted by dams

44
Q

Describe how water transfer schemes could cause political issues

A

People may not want their water transferred

45
Q

Give a stat to support that traditionally, UK relied on fossil fuels to supply energy

A

In 1970, 91% of energy came form coal & oil

46
Q

What did the discovery of large gas reserves under North Sea lead to?

A

1980: 22% of UK’s energy = from gas

47
Q

Nuclear energy to produce electricity increased during ____

A

1990s

48
Q

Give evidence to support that: recently, the UK has shifted away from fossil fuels & towards renewable energy sources

A
  • In 2014, 19% of electricity = renewable sources
  • All coal fired power stations in UK = close by 2025
49
Q

What 2 energy sources are the biggest sources renewable energy in the UK?

A

Wind and bioenergy

50
Q

North Sea oil & gas reserves = …

A

rapidly used up since 2000

51
Q

Since when and why has coal production fallen hugely?

A
  • Since 1950s:
    • To reduce CO2 emissions
    • Cost of mining increasing
52
Q

How is shale gas extracted?

A

By fracking

53
Q

Describe the process of fracking

A
  • Fluid pumped into shale rock at high pressure = causing it to crack
  • = forces gas trapped in rock to flow back out of well
54
Q

Name 5 economic issues exploiting energy sources causes

A
  1. Extracting fossil fuels = expensive
      • cost of extraction increases as reserves used up
  2. North Sea oil = expensive to produce
  3. Cost of producing electricity from nuclear and renewable energy sources = high
  4. Money needed for research into alternate energy sources (e.g. shale gas) & initial investment
  5. Many renewable sources don’t provide reliable enough supply of energy ∴ UK has to pay to import energy
55
Q

What is the issue with North Sea oil becoming more expensive to produce?

A

If price of oil on world market drops = cost more to produce than sell

56
Q

Name 5 environmental issues exploiting energy sources causes

A
  1. Burning of fossil fuels = CO2 + greenhouse gases
  2. Fracking = pollute groundwater & cause mini-earthquakes
  3. Natural ecosystems = damaged by renewable energy
  4. Accidents (e.g. oil spills/nuclear disasters) = leak toxic chemicals into water sources, soil & atmosphere
  5. Power stations and wind farms = eyesores
57
Q

Give examples of natural ecosystems being damaged by renewable energy

A

e.g. large wind farms + tidal barrage system planned in Wales

geography 2 (4 decks)

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