Resource Management Flashcards
why does the world need access to food
- without access to nutritious food, ppl become malnourished ie iron deficiency affecting children’s development
- malnourishment increases likelihood of getting diseases (1/3 of under 5’s die from diseases linked to m.nourishment )
- ppl without food don’t perform as well in school, lacking skills needed for a country’s development
- m.nourishment stops ppl working, harming their and their counry’s economic wellbeing
why does the world need access to clean water
- needed for drinking,cooking,washing. no proper sanitation causes water sources to be polluted by sewage
- waterbourne diseases (cholera) kill many ppl each year
- walking long distances collecting water has economic impact bc ppl spend less time in education/working
- needed to produce food, clothes & many other products
why does the world need access to energy
- needed for industry, in homes & transport. electricity allows industries to develop creating jobs making countries richer
- the lifestyle in HIC’s depend on hhaving a large & stable supply of enegy
- w/out electrity ppl may burn wood for cooking,light,heat leading to deforestation & ppl walking long way to get wood
- electricity powers pumps for wells, providing safe waater for communities
why is the global distribution of resources uneven
- some countres dont have own energy reserves
- some have dry climates unsuitable for food production
- to access more resources, countires must import them/ find tech based solutions which can be expensive
name the general trends of the comsumption of resources. what does this depend on?
depends on a country’s wealth & their availablility of resources
- higher consumption in HIC’s
- consumption is rapidly increasing in NEE’s
- consumption is lowest in LIC’s
why is the consumption of food increasing in UK? give facts
ppl want seasonal food all year round
- incomes in UK increased so ppl buy more exotic fruit/spices from LIC’s
- before 1960 fruit/veg produced locally&seasonally. now demand for season food increased so we import to meet this demand
why is the consumption of water increasing in UK? give facts
demand for water varies accross UK
- demand increased 70% since 1975 bc more appliances. population expected to increase by 10mill by 2040. new homes being built in south east
- north west UK. high rainfall & low pop. density = surplus
- s.east UKlow rainfall & high pop.density = deficit
why has the consumption of energy changed in UK? give facts
- since 1970, 90% enegy from coal & oil
- 1980, large gas reserves in north sea meant 22% energy from gas
- 2014, shift towards renewable energy (wind & bioenergy)
- all coal power stations expected to close by 2025
how can UK even out the distribution of water in the country
water transfers can help maintain supplies
- transferring water from areas or surplus to deficit causes problems bc ppl dont want their water transferred elsewhere & building dams are expensive & disturb fish migration
how can UK even out the distribution of water in the country
water transfers can help maintain supplies
- transferring water from areas or surplus to deficit causes problems bc ppl dont want their water transferred elsewhere & building dams are expensive & disturb fish migration
why is the UK carbon footprint of food growing
carbon footprint of our food is growing
- our food miles are increasing and carbon footprint (g.house gases produced in the packaging/transporting of food)
- ppl are becoming more aware of this so try to buy locally produced goods
why is UK farming is becoming more industrialised
- since 1960, been growth in agribusiness (large scale farming run by large business farms) meaning UK farms & fields getting bigger
- more chemicals used (ferilisers for crops, special animal food to make them grow bigger)
- fewer workers needed on farms (mechanisation)
- increasing farm size means hedges cut down (loss of habitat) so less biodiversity & more soil erosion bc of large machines
why are UK’s supply of coal, oil , gas running out
north sea oil & gas rapidly used up and production declining
- production of coal fallen since 1900s
- decline in demand for coal to reduce CO2 emissions
- cost of mining increasing.
- underground shale gas used more & extracted by fracking
what environmental issues does expoliting energy cause
- burning fossil fuels relaeses CO2 & greenhouse gases
- fracking pollutes groundwater & causes earthquakes
- oil spills/ nuclear disasters leak toxic chemicals into water/soil/the air
- ecosystems damaged by renewable energy ie wind farms
- power stations/wind farms are eye sores
what economic issues does expoliting energy cause
- extracting fossil fuels is expensive, expecially north sea oil
- nuclear energy expensive to produce
- money is needed to research alternative energy sources
- renewable energy not reliable so UK must import
what dies energy security mean
having a reliable & affordable supply of energy. it depends on the supply availble, size of popuation & typical energy use per person
why do some countires moduce more energy & some less
more:
- have large reserves ie saudi arabria (oil), china (coal), UK (gas)
less:
- have little resources ie ireland
- cant afford to access resources
- are politically unstable (sudan)
why is energy consumption increasing
- population increasing
- economic development increased wealth of some LICs so ppl can buy more things ie TVs
- technological advances created more devices that need energy (tablets)
why do HICs ocnsume lots of enegy & LICs consume less?
HICs can afford to. most ppl have access to heating/ electricity
ppl’s lifestyles in LICs are less dependent on high energy consumption
how is energy consumption affected by political factors
- wars/political instability in countries with large energy reserves can affect their ability export
- climate change linked to burning fossil fuels has resulted in international agreements to reduce emissions
- waste from nuclear energy is dangerous/ hard to dispose of
how is energy consumption affected by technological factors
some countries cant get their energy bc dont have/ cant afford the technology to do this
- Niger has energy reserves but doesnt have the tech to turn it into electricity
- oil is trapped in rocks in USA and doesnt flow
how is energy consumption affected by physical factors
unequal distribution, the fact that fossil fuel will run out, climate change and geography all affect the potential use f solar/wind/HEP
natural disaters could damage energy infrastructure
how is energy consumption affected by economic factors
non renewbles thatre left are getting harder & more costly to get
- if energy pries increase some countries cant afford it
- some LICs have coal/oil/gas reserves but cant afford to extract it
- new wind farms are expensive to build
whatre the results f energy insecurity
- fossil fuels get used up so reserves in more sensitive areas are extracted damaging the environment
- demand for cheaper,cleaner evergy increases demand for biofuels (growing crops take up land)
- factories may have to produce less as they have less energy so dont make as much money
- conflict btwn countries w/ energy surplus vs deficit
name some renewable energy which will never run out
biomass wind soar HEP wave geothermal
name some non- renewable energy which will run out
fossil fuels (supply most our energy) nuclear energy made from uranium which will eventually run out
define carbon footprint
a measure of amount of g.house gases that an individual/ their activities produce
includes heating/watching TV/ energy used to make our clothes and food
name some of the ways how is energy conserved
sustainable design
increasing efficiency
demand reduction
how is energy conserved using sustainable design
insulating walls/roofs/floors so less enegy required to heat homes
modern biolers use less energy
electric cars are more efficient than petrol/diesel
polar panels provide low carbon & renewable energy
how is energy conserved using increasing efficiency
doin the same job but using less fuel
hybrid cars/trains which use mix and electricity & petrol
- more efficient engines
power stations switching to gas
how is energy conserved using demand reduction
resucing amount of energy needed to be produced
encouraging ppl to switch off lights & only boiling the water they need
improving public transport/ encouraging ppl to walk/clycle
define fracking
extrating gas trapped in shale rock
liquid is pumped into the rock deep underground at high pressure, cracking the rock & releasing the gas whcih is collected & stored
advantages of fracking
lots of gas available in UK
gas is the least polluting of all the fossil fuels as it releases 1/2 of the CO2 of coal
the technology has already been tested in USA
disadvantages of fracking
gas isnt sustainable, it will run out & releases CO2
risk of pollution to groundwater/drinking water/air
uses a lot of water which is a limited resource
causes small earthquakes
investing in fracking could cause less investment in renewable energy
