Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography Paper 2 > Resource Management > Flashcards

Resource Management Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What is a resource?

A

A stock or supply of something that has a value or purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is the demand for food in the UK changing?

How do we cope with this?

A

It is increasing as the population increases.

We have to import 40% of our food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why does the UK import food?

A
  • Demand for greater choice + exotic foods
  • Demand for seasonal produce all year
  • UK climate unsuitable for growing some foods
  • Availability of cheaper food from abroad
  • UK produced food is expensive from poor harvests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the impacts of importing food to the UK?

A

The distance food has travelled is food miles. Imported food = higher food miles = higher carbon footprint. It is also expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two major trends in UK farming? Give examples

A
  • Agribusiness - commercial farming, maximising yield, lots of technology + chemicals e.g Lynford House Farm
  • Organic farms - grown without chemicals, more labour = more expensive, local produce producing seasonal foods e.g Riverford Organic Farms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is demand for energy changing in the UK?

How is the UK’s energy mix changing?

A

Increasing demand for energy but decreasing energy consumption due to energy conservation (better efficiency, insulation, low-fuel appliances etc)

Moving from fossil fuels towards renewables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much of the UK’s energy is imported?

A

75% of the UK’s oil and 75% of the UK’s energy, affecting energy security

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why are fossil fuels still important in the UK?

A

Remaining reserves of fuel will last several decades
Coal is cheap
Existing power stations use fossil fuels
Shale gas deposits will be exploited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is fracking?

What are the concerns?

A

Extracting gas from shale rocks using high-pressure liquid

Possible earthquakes, pollution of groundwater, high costs of extraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the impacts of exploiting nuclear energy?

A
  • Expensive to build plants, run them and decommission
  • Provides jobs
  • Storing waste is a problem (waste harms ecosystems)
  • Risk of radioactive leaks / meltdowns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the impacts of exploiting wind energy?

A
  • Noise / visual pollution BUT zero emissions
  • High construction costs BUT can become tourist attractions
  • Locals get lower energy bills
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How and why is the demand for water changing in the UK?

A

Demand is increasing because:

  • population growing
  • more houses built so more appliances to cater for
  • increased use of water-intensive domestic appliances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the distribution of water across the UK

A

North and west have water surplus (high rainfall, low population density)
South and east have water deficit (low rainfall, high population density)

Water stress is experienced in over half of the UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can we save water in the UK?

A

Use domestic water meters
Increase use of recycled / greywater
More efficient domestic appliances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do we manage water quality in the UK?

A
  • Filter water to remove sediment
  • Purify water by adding chlorine
  • Manage river water quality
  • Restrict recreational use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Kielder Water?

A

A water transfer scheme. A reservoir (UK’s biggest) in the Pennines where water collects. Water released into river Tyne to transport to Newcastle and Middlesborough

17
Q

What are the advantages of the Kielder Water transfer?

A

HEP produced in the dam
Reduced water insecurity in the north east
Tourism (water sports and good scenery) = jobs = income

18
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Kielder Water transfer?

A

Breeding patterns of fish disrupted in the dam
Families moved from homes to make way for the reservoir
Farmland and habitats lost from flooding

19
Q

How is the global demand of water changing?

Why?

A

Increasing

  • Rising population = more water needed to drink, more needed to grow food
  • Economic development = more industrialism, more energy production, rising living standards means more appliances
20
Q

What is water security?

What is water stress?

A

Having a reliable, sustainable source of good quality water, enough to meet everyone’s needs. Also depends on people’s access to the supply

Demand exceeding supply for a period of time

21
Q

How is water distributed globally?

A

Unevenly. Some countries have high water security (e.g Canada), some countries have water insecurity (e.g India), some countries have water stress

22
Q

What physical factors affect water security?

A
  • Climate (rainfall fills lakes + rivers, high temperatures mean evaporation)
  • Geology (rain falling on impermeable rocks flows to rivers = easy access, rain falling on permeable rocks forms aquifers = hard to get to)
23
Q

What economic and social factors affect water insecurity?

A
  • Over-abstraction (water used more than it’s replaced)
  • Pollution (reduces quality of water, risk of disease)
  • Infrastructure (lack of water pipes = lack of access)
  • Poverty (people can’t afford to pay for water)
24
Q

What are the impacts of water insecurity?

A
  • Disease (pollution/sewage in water supply)
  • Food production reduced (less water for irrigation)
  • Industry reduced (less production = less profit)
  • Conflict (some countries affect others’ water supplies, e.g polluting a river)
25
Q

How can water supply be increased?

A

Desalination
Dams/reservoirs
Water transfers

26
Q

Describe the use of desalination to increase water supply

A

Removing salt from seawater, increases water supply

BUT expensive, uses fossil fuels so mainly used by countries with high water insecurity

27
Q

Describe the use of dams and reservoirs to increase water supply

A

In times of surplus, water is collected and stored in the reservoir. In times of deficit, water is used.
BUT it floods agricultural land and displaces people

28
Q

Describe the use of water transfer schemes to increase water supply

A

Transfers water from surplus areas to deficit areas. Can be small-scale or across countries. Usually expensive, can cause social, economic and environmental problems

29
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Meeting our current needs without preventing future generations from meeting their needs

30
Q

How can we ensure our water supplies are sustainable?

A
  • Water conservation = fixing leaks, efficient appliances, drip-irrigation on farms, fitting water meters, education
  • Groundwater management = monitor usage, prevent pollution, international agreements on shared supplies
  • Recycling / Greywater = use safe water multiple times, treat water rather than dumping it in rivers
31
Q

How can we save water at home?

A
  • Use drought-tolerant plants and collect rainwater
  • Don’t wash cars frequently
  • Turn off tap whilst brushing teeth
  • Install low-flow shower heads and dual-flush toilets
  • Only use washing machines / dishwashers on full load
32
Q

What is the Lesotho water transfer scheme?

A

Large-scale water transfer from Lesotho (water surplus) to South Africa (water deficit), involving dams, reservoirs and 200km of tunnels

33
Q

What are the advantages of the Lesotho water transfer scheme to Lesotho?

A
  • Provides 75% of GDP (increasing development + living standards)
  • Provides HEP
  • Sanitation has increased from 15 to 20%
34
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Lesotho water transfer scheme to Lesotho?

A
  • 30,000 people displaced (including 17 villages)
  • Dams destroy wetland ecosystems
  • Corruption reduced benefits for local people
35
Q

What are the advantages of the Lesotho water transfer scheme to South Africa?

A
  • Provides reliable water for the 10% of population that previously didn’t have it
  • Helped combat pollution in the Vaal River Reservoir
36
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Lesotho water transfer scheme to South Africa?

A
  • Cost US $4 billion
  • 40% of water lost in leaks
  • Increased water tariffs so poorest people can’t afford
  • Corruption has plagued the whole project
37
Q

What is the Wakel River Basin program?

A

Aims to introduce a sustainable water supply with appropriate local solutions. Located in Rajasthan, India. Very hot, dry climate and water management had been poor (over-abstraction for irrigation)

38
Q

What does the Wakel River Basin program involve?

A
  • Taankas = underground storage, 3m wide, 3m deep, collect surface water from roofs
  • Johed - small earth dams to capture rainwater
  • Pats - bunds (small dams) divert stream water to fields, made from stones and leaves, villagers take turns to irrigate fields + do maintenance
  • Raising awareness - let people know the importance of water conservation, increases water security, reduces soil erosion, desertification and pollution

Geography Paper 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions