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Intro to Speech Science > Resonance > Flashcards

Resonance Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two different types of vibration?

A

free and forced

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2
Q

when does free vibration occur?

A

free vibration occurs when an object vibrates without interference

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3
Q

How is the rate of vibration determined?

A

mass, tension, length

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4
Q

what is resonant frequency?

A

the rate at which an object vibrates freely

also known as natural frequency

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5
Q

when does forced vibration occur?

A

when the vibrations of one object cause another to vibrate if their RFs are close enough

ex) tacoma narrows bridge
ex) high note shattering glass

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6
Q

explain the shattered glass example of forced vibration.

A

the frequency of the note and the glass match. because they are vibrating at the same rate, constructive interference happens and causes the amplitude to increase

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7
Q

what is applied/driving frequency?

A

the vibration of the original source

ex) singer

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8
Q

what is a resonator?

A

the object that is forced into vibration

ex) glass

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9
Q

name some effects of resonance

A
  • make walls buzz

- make speech possible

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10
Q

name the 2 types of resonators

A

mechanical and acoustic

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11
Q

what is a mechanical resonator?

A

does not contain a body of air

ex) tuning fork, wall

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12
Q

what is an acoustic resonator

A

container filled with air

ex) vocal tract, ear canal, mirror, tube

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13
Q

what is the relationship between mass and resonant frequency

A

the bigger an object, the lower is its frequency

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14
Q

how do acoustic resonators act as filters in speech?

A

they exclude certain frequencies while allowing others to pass

this is based on constructive and destructive interference.

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15
Q

which frequencies will a resonator amplify?

A

frequencies at or close to its resonant/ natural frequency

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16
Q

which frequencies will a resonator damp/attenuate?

A

frequencies that are far from its RF/NF

17
Q

what is bandwidth?

A

the range of frequencies that a resonator will transmit/amplify/respond to

18
Q

A resonance curve shows…

A

the vibratory response of a resonator to any applied frequency (bandwidth)

19
Q

Some other names for a resonance curve are

A

transfer function, input-output graph

20
Q

Does a resonance curve show sound

A

NO it shows the frequency response of a resonator

21
Q

Center Frequency (fc)

A

Natural frequency-the resonant frequency with the greatest response from the system

22
Q

Upper cutoff frequency (Fuc)

A

frequency above the Fc where the resonator does not respond

23
Q

Lower cutoff frequency (Flc)

A

frequency below the Fc where the resonator does not respond

24
Q

low pass filter

A

all lower frequencies are transmitted

25
Q

high pass filter

A

all higher frequencies are transmitted

26
Q

band pass filter

A

all frequencies within a certain bandwidth are transmitted and those outside are damped

27
Q

band stop filter

A

higher and lower freqs. pass but not those within

damps freqs. within bandwidth

happens during speech

28
Q

What type of filter is the VT?

A

band pass filter

29
Q

which cavities is the VT comprised of?

A

pharynx,oral, and nasal

30
Q

describe the VT as a resonator

A

VT is a tube which is open at one end (lips) and closed at the other (VF must be closed in order to vibrate)

31
Q

Quarter wave resonator

A

only one quarter of the wave fits into the tube at any time

has multiple resonant frequencies, multiple bandwidths

32
Q

what are resonant frequencies of the VT called?

A

formants

33
Q

why is the VT called a variable resonator?

A

because it can assume different shapes (through articulators)

34
Q

Different shapes result in..

A

different formant frequencies

35
Q

what does the sound filter theory of vowel production explain?

A

it explains how the sound prodouced at the larynx is modified by changing VT resonances to create different vowels

36
Q

source function

A

origin of sound, VF vibration

doesn’t sound like anything but buzzing

37
Q

transfer function

A

VT resonance response to diff frequencies shown on a resonance curve

38
Q

output function

A

the sound exiting the oral or nasal cavity

39
Q

which vowel is the SFT based on?

A

schwa

Intro to Speech Science (6 decks)

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