Resitution Flashcards

1
Q

What type of remedy is Restitution?

A

Restitution is a legal remedy.

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2
Q

Restitution: What are the 2 rules?

A

You can seek restitution on top of a tort claim.

Restitution is basically unjust enrichment.

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3
Q

What is unjust enrichment?

A

Unjust Enrichment is a cause of action which has fallen to the wayside being taught in law schools, and sometimes, it is called restitution.

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4
Q

What is Restitution?

A

Restitution is a legal remedy which flows from an Unjust Enrichment COA.

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5
Q

What type of relief is restitution usually?

A

Restitution is commonly money, but that does not mean restitution is damages.

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6
Q

Damages v. Restitution:

A

Damages—monetary relief based on the plaintiff’s injury or loss.

Restitution—money relief based on the defendant’s gain.

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7
Q

Is Restitution about rightful position?

A

No, restitution can put the plaintiff at more than their right position, and that is perfectly fine.

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8
Q

Restitution: Examples (5)

A
  • Mistaken Payments
  • Mistakenly paying money not owed.
  • Mistakenly paying more money than you owe.
  • Accidentally paying for the wrong person.
  • Accidentally paying the same invoice twice.
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9
Q

Restitution: Rule on mistakes:

A

A mistake really need to be a mistake, the best Restitution plaintiff is one who is CLUELESS.

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10
Q

Restitution: Rule learned form the LACKS case:

A

When we have a continuing wrong, you can sue for relief within the statute of limitations period, theoretically the harm is always occurring so the clock is always running, so you can recover from a certain number of years back.

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11
Q

Restitution: What do you want to sue for?

A

The largest amount for your client.

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12
Q

Restitution: Sometimes the amount of the ____________’s loss is the same as the ____________’s gain.

A

plaintiff(‘s) defendant(‘s)

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13
Q

Unjust Enrichment: Hypo on exam to look out for:

A

Hypos with “mistake” or “married couple—no mistake”, then think of unjust enrichment.

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14
Q

Unjust Enrichment: In a home improvement case, what would the plaintiff and defendant argue for in terms of value?

A

Man (plaintiff): Argues for the value of the improvements.

Woman (defendant): Argues for the fair market value of the loss.

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15
Q

Restitution/Unjust Enrichment: §49 Possible Measures (4 of them)

A

A) The value of the benefit in advancing the purposes of the defendant,

B) The cost to the claimant conferring the benefit,

C) The market clause of the benefit, or

D) A price the defendant has expressed a willingness to pay, if the defendant’s assent may be treated as valid on the question of price.

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16
Q

Restitution: When will a court think about a measure more beneficial to the plaintiff?

A

If there is a non-innocent defendant, the court will think about a measure more beneficial to the plaintiff.

17
Q

Restitution: What happens when there is an innocent defendant?

A

If the is an innocent defendant, the court will think about a measure more beneficial to the defendant. Or at least more equal.

18
Q

Restitution: General rule when a defendant is innocent or not:

A

There is a smaller number of gain for the plaintiff if the defendant is innocent, and a higher number of gain if the defendant is not innocent.

19
Q

Restitution: What is it, and what is it not?

A

Restitution is NOT rightful position because you can get more.

Restitution is detterance, punishment (kind of) and it is a win fall for the plaintiff.

20
Q

Restitution: What is rewarded when there is a conscious wrongdoer?

A

Awarded the net profit attributable to the underlying wrong.

21
Q

Restitution: Conscious Wrongdoers §50: what are they?

A

An enriched defendant who acts (a) with knowledge of the underlying wrong to the claimant, or (b) despite a known risk that the conduct in question violates the rights of the claimant.

22
Q

Restitution: What is the most important thing to remember?

A

Innocence or non-innocence is important.

23
Q

Restitution: What are 2 equitable remedies under Restitution?

A

1) Constructive Trusts
2)Equitable Liens

24
Q

Restitution: Equitable Remedy: Constructive Trusts: 2 parts?

A

Part 1: Court declares that the defendant’s legal title to X is subject to plaintiff’s superior equitable claim. (claims defendant was just holding the property for the plaintiff).

Part 2: Court requires the defendant to return the property to the plaintiff.

25
Q

Restitution: Equitable Remedy: Constructive Trusts: Paolini showed that:

A

Constructive trusts are fictional.

26
Q

Restitution: Equitable Remedy: Constructive Trusts: Ruffin showed that:

A

No identifiable property here because we cannot follow the cash.

(Lottery ticket alimony case).

27
Q

Restitution: Equitable Remedy(s): Bankruptcy?

A

Constructive Trusts and Equitable Liens will pull things out of a bankruptcy estate.

28
Q

Restitution: Equitable Remedy(s): Rule on Bankruptcy:

A

If fraud is the reason for the Defendant’s unjust enrichment and the Defendant has declared bankruptcy, then the identified property cannot be part of the bankruptcy estate. It’s Plaintiff’s property, so it can’t be part of the estate (meaning the assets distributed to the Defendant’s creditors). [same for equitable liens]

29
Q

Restitution: Equitable Remedy: Equitable Liens: What is it?

A

An Equitable Lien is a money judgment secured by a lien on specific property.

30
Q

Restitution: Equitable Remedy: Equitable Liens: Rule on Houses

A

In Re Mesa: Houses cannot be taken ini bankruptcy, but it is still subject to an equitable lien.

If the defendants do not pay, then plaintiffs can foreclose on the house.

31
Q

Restitution: Similarities between Constructive Trusts and Equitable Liens:

A

Both require the defendant’s unjust enrichment, tracing and litigation related to specific property.

Same need for tracing, same perk in bankruptcy.

Same fictional idea—parties never agreed to a lien and trust never was really holding anything.

32
Q

Restitution: Differences between Constructive Trusts and Equitable Liens:

A

Constructive Trust makes plaintiff an owner of property; Equitable Liens make the plaintiff a lien holder in the property.

33
Q

Restitution: When do you want an Equitable Lien?

A

You want an equitable lien if the property is decreasing in value.

If the asset decreases in value between the wrong/harm and the trial, Equitable Liens preserve the plaintiff’s right to judgement.

34
Q

Restitution: When do you want a Constructive Trust?

A

You want a constructive trust if the asset is increasing in value.

If the asset decreases in value between the wrong and the trial, Constructive Trusts allow the plaintiff to capture that appreciation.

35
Q

What to think of when examine an unjust enrichment?

A

When examine unjust enrichment (restitution) try to think: “Does this entail an issue with profits, money, or not paying employees…or does it look like cases today involving land?”

36
Q

Common issue spotters for unjust enrichment/restitution:

A

Estates
Home Improvements
Stealing Things