Resistance Mechanisms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some resistance mechanisms against ß-lactams?

A

Exclusion:
- Outer membrane porin size

Altered Target:
- Mutant and new PBPs

Inactivation:
- ß-lactamases

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2
Q

What are some resistance mechanisms against glycopeptides (vancomycin)?

A

Exclusion:
- Thickened outer wall

Altered Target:
- D-Ala D-Lac

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3
Q

What are some resistance mechanisms against Aminoglycosides?

A

Exclusion:
- Oxidative transport required

Altered Target:
- Ribosomal binding site mutations

Inactivation:
- Adenylases, acetylases, phosphorylases

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4
Q

What are some resistance mechanisms against Macrolides and Clindamycin?

A

Exclusion:

  • OM porin size
  • MDR pump

Altered Target:
- Methylation of rRNA

Inactivation:

  • Phosphotransferase
  • Esterase
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5
Q

What are some resistance mechanisms against for chloramphenicol?

A

Altered Target:
- Methylation of rRNA

Inactivation:
- Acetyltransferase

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6
Q

What are some resistance mechanisms against Tetracycline?

A

Exclusion:
- MDR pump

Altered Target:
- New protein protects ribosomal binding site

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7
Q

What are some resistance mechanisms against fluroquinolones?

A

Exclusion:

  • MDR pump
  • permeability mutation

Altered Target:
- Mutant Topoisomerase

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8
Q

What are some resistance mechanisms against Rifampin?

A

Altered target:

- Mutant RNA polymerase

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9
Q

What are some resistance mechanisms against Folate inhibitors?

A

Altered Target:

  • New Dihydropteroate synthetase
  • Altered DHFR reductase
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