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MICROBIOLOGY: CMOD-Week 1 > Micro Lab Stuff > Flashcards

Micro Lab Stuff Flashcards

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1
Q

When members of the normal flora relocate to a different spot, what do they become?

A

Opportunists

**this is especially true in people who are immunocompromised or debilitated

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2
Q

If a patient is intubated and an infection results, what category does this infection fall into?

A

Iatrogenic infection

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3
Q

Normal Flora of the skin

A

Staphylococcus Epidermidis

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4
Q

Normal Flora of the nose

A 
Staphylococcus Epidermidis (90%)
Staphylococcus Aureus (20%)
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5
Q

Normal Flora of the mouth/throat

A 
Viridans Streptococci (>50%)
Niessiera Species
Staphylococcus Epidermidis 
Corynebacterium Species (diphtheroids) 
Anaerobic
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6
Q

Normal Flora of the colon

A

Escherichia coli
Proteus Species
Enterococcus species

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7
Q

What is the purpose of doing a streak dilution?

A
  • It allows you to identify individual colonies of homogenous species
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8
Q

What is alpha hemolysis?

A

Green hue produced by partial lysis of RBCs by bacteria

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9
Q

What is beta hemolysis?

A

Complete lysis of RBCs with CLEAR zone

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10
Q

non-hemolytic/gamma hemolytic?

A

No RBC lysis

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11
Q

What plate do you use for Gram (-) organisms?

A

EMB

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12
Q

What does lactose +/- mean?

A

EMB plate used:
Lactose +
- green if E. Coli
- Brownish if Klebsiella

Lactose -
- no color change

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13
Q

Why are MSA plates selective of staph?

- what is the differential?

A
  • Only grow staph because they have such a high salt content
  • Color change by fermentation = Staph. Aureus
  • Otherwise its staph epidermidis
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14
Q

What 3 species can grow in high salt environments?

A
  • Enterococcus
  • Steptococci B
  • Staphylococci
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15
Q

What does a POSITIVE COAGULASE TEST from a species isolated from a mannitol agar indicate?

A
  • Staphylococcus Aureus
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16
Q

What chemical does a taxo P disc contain?

- taxo A?

A

Taxo P - Optochin - kills Streptococcus pneumoniae

Taxo A - Bacitracin - kills GAS (Streptococcus pyogenes)

17
Q

Is staphylococcus epidermidis hemolytic?

A

NO

18
Q

What does Sensitive, Intermediate, and Resistant refer to in Kirby-Bauer testing?

A

Sensitive - MIC is lower than attainable blood levels

Intermediate - MIC near maximum blood levels

Resistant - MIC above attainable blood levels

19
Q

What is HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA?

- how do their rates compare with those of the general population .

A

Normal Populations:
5% of S. aureus isolates

HA-MRSA

  • Health-care Associated MRSA
  • 60% of S. aureus isolates

CA-MRSA

  • Community Associated MRSA
  • LESS drug resistant than HA-MRSA from less drug exposure
20
Q

What tools to bacteria need to be Methacillin resistant?

A
  • Low affinity penicillin-binding protein PBP2.
  • encoded by mecA (mobile genetic element)
  • encoded SCCmec (cassette chromosome mec)
21
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

Infection occuring >48 hrs after being at the hospital

22
Q

what is community associated infection?

A

Positive sample from outpatient or from an inpatient obtained

23
Q

G(-), diplococci, mostly pairs

A

a. Neisseria spp

24
Q

G(-), bacillus, lactose (+), green sheen

A

b. E. Coli

25
Q

G(-) bacillus, lactose (+)

A

c. Klebsiella pneumoniae

26
Q

G(-) bacillus, lactose (-)

A

d. Proteus spp

27
Q

G(+) cocci, clusters, catalase (+), mannitol (+) (ferment)

A

e. Staph aureus

28
Q

G(+) cocci, clusters, catalase (+), mannitol (-)

A

f. staph epidermidis

29
Q
  • G(+) cocci, chains, alpha-hemolytic, taxo P sens
A

g. strep pneumoniae

30
Q

G(+) cocci, chains, alpha-hemolytic, Taxo P resis

A

h. Viridans strep

31
Q

G(+) cocci, chains, non-hemolytic, salt sensitive

A

i. strep spp

32
Q
  • G(+) cocci, chains/pairs, non-hemo, salt resistant
A

j. enterococcus spp

33
Q

G(+) cocci, chains, beta-hemo, Taxo A sensitive

A

k. strep pyogenes

34
Q

G(+) cocci, chains, beta hemo, taxo A resis

A

l. other B-hemolytic strep

MICROBIOLOGY: CMOD-Week 1 (10 decks)

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