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MSK2 LEC > RESISTANCE EXERCISES > Flashcards

RESISTANCE EXERCISES Flashcards

1
Q

ability of a muscle to carry out its various roles is a measure of _____

A

muscle performance

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2
Q

amount of force that may be exerted by an individual in a single maximum muscular contraction against a specific resistance

A

strength

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3
Q

ability of a muscle/muscle group to continue to perform without fatigue

A

endurance

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4
Q

the maximum amount of work an individual can perform in a given unit of time

A

power

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5
Q

what muscles generate more power at a given load

A

muscles with a predominance of fast-twitch fibers

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6
Q

When are the pt’s sx considered irritable?

A

if pain is present before resistance of the end-feel

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7
Q

when can exercise, particularly stretching, be more aggressive?

A

if pain occurs after resistance since the sx are not considered irritable

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8
Q

each exercise session should include _____ and ______

A

5-15 min warm-up; 5-15 min cool-down

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9
Q

what can be used to determine length of warm-up and cool-down?

A

deconditioned or older patients/individuals

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10
Q

what is recommended after completion of warm-up to increase jt movement & mm extensibility

A

flexibility program

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11
Q

includes low-intensity cardiorespiratory activities and prevents the heart & circulatory system from being overloaded

A

warm-up

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12
Q

includes low-intensity cardiorespiratory activities and flexibility exercises which helps prevent abrupt physiological alterations that can occur with sudden cessation of strenuous exercise

A

cool-down

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13
Q

Contraindications to muscle performance training

A
  • inflammation
  • pain
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14
Q

Factors in exercise prescription

A
  • frequency
  • repetitions
  • duration
  • rest period
  • intensity
  • speed of exercise
  • variation
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15
Q

usual range of parameters for resistance exercises

A

8-12 reps, 3 sets, 60-90 seconds intervals/recovery period per set

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16
Q

depending on the level of intensity, how long does physical conditioning usually last?

A

15-60 mins

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17
Q

average time for conditioning (for moderate intensity)

A

20-30 mins

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18
Q

what type of exercise usually utilize a rest period of less than 30 seconds?

A

exercise for muscular endurance

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19
Q

a 60-90 second recovery period is usually used for?

A

muscular hypertrophy

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20
Q

2-5 min recovery period is usually used for?

A

muscular strength and power

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21
Q

what is the recommended common rest period between concurrent training sessions

A

48-hour rest period

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22
Q

the most commonly examined resistance training theory

A

periodization

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23
Q

T/F: nonlinear methods attempt to train the various components of the neuromuscular system within the same 7 to 10-day cycle

A

true

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24
Q

the maximum number of reps an individual can perform at a given weight

A

Repetition Maximum (RM)

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25
Q

most common sx of overtraining

A

muscle soreness

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26
Q

give at least 3 sign/sx of overtraining

A
  • loss of appetite
  • inability to sleep
  • lethargy
  • muscle soreness
  • chronic fatigue
  • declining performance
  • altered metabolism
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27
Q

Tonic muscles function as _____ and phasic muscles function as _____

A

endurance muscles; power muscles

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28
Q

one of the drawbacks to participating in an exercise program involving activity beyond what one usually experience

A

delayed onset muscle soreness

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29
Q

DOMS can occur _____ post-exercise

A

24-56 hours

30
Q

to prevent DOMS, what should be used?

A

cool-down & warm-up exercises

31
Q

give at least 3 recognized mechanisms of DOMS

A

lactic acid & potassium accumulation, muscle spasms, mechanical damage to connective tissues, inflammation, enzyme efflux secondary to muscle cell damage, and edema

32
Q

pt is likely to experience DOMS when _______

A

performing eccentric exercises

33
Q

insufficient recovery period can lead to

A

acute or DOMS

34
Q

types of resistance used in an exercise program

A
  • gravity
  • body weight
  • small weight
  • medicine balls
  • exercise machines
  • manual resistance
35
Q

advantage of small (free) weights compared to machines

A

provide more versatility, especially for 3-dimensional exercises, as the movements do not occur in a straight line/plane

36
Q

disadvantage of free weights

A

offers no variable resistance throughout the ROM and so the weakest point along the length-tension curve of each muscle limits the amount of lifted weight

37
Q

resistance that are typically used to strengthen smaller muscles/increase endurance of larger muscles by increasing number of reps

A

small weights

38
Q

types of free/small weights

A

dumbbells, cuff weights, surgical tubings, therabands

39
Q

type of resistance that are often fitted with an oval-shaped cam or wheel that mimics the length of tension curve of the muscle

A

exercise machines

40
Q

give 1 disadvantage of manual resistance

A
  • amount of resistance applied cannot be quantitatively measured since it’s always dependent on the resistance of the therapist
  • amount of resistance is limited by the strength of the giver
  • difficulty with consistency of the applied force throughout the range, and with each rep
41
Q

when does strengthening of a muscle occur?

A

when the muscle is forced to work at a higher level than that to which it is accustomed

42
Q

this refers to the amount of weight used in a specific exercise that is provided to the patient

A

provide LOAD

43
Q

load and repetitions are _____ proportional to each other

A

indirectly

44
Q

give at least 3 adaptive changes in strength training

A
  • inc in muscle size
  • inc in the force/unit area
  • reduction in the time to peak force
  • inc in the efficiency of the neuromuscular system which results in inc in the number of motor units recruited, firing rate of each motor unit, synchronization of motor unit firing, and improvement in mm endurance
  • stimulation of slow-twitch and fast-twitch IIa fibers
  • rhythmic activities inc BF to the exercising mm via contraction & relaxation
  • improves mm power
  • improve bone mass (wolff’s law)
  • inc in metabolism/calorie burning/ weight control
  • inc intramuscular pressure results from a mm contraction of about 60% of its force-generating capacity
  • cardiovascular benefits when using large mm groups
45
Q

in isometric exercises, studies have demonstrated that ____ hold of _________ is efficient to inc strength when performed repetitively

A

6 sec hold; 75% of max resistance

46
Q

type of strengthening exercise that can be used on pts c weakness/in the early stages of recovery

A

isometric exercises

47
Q

primary role of isometric exercises

A

prevent atrophy and a subsequent decrease of ligament, bone, and mm strength

48
Q

give at least 2 disadvantages of isometric exercises

A
  • strength gains are not increased throughout the range (unless performed at multiple angles)
  • do not activate all the muscle fibers (primary activated are slow-twitch fibers)
  • no flexibility/cardiovascular fitness benefits
  • peak effort can be injurious to the tissues d/t vasoconstriction and jt compression forces
  • limited functional carry over
49
Q

exercises that are dynamic and allows the clinician to vary the load from constant, using free weights, to variable, using an exercise machine

A

concentric exercises

50
Q

program based on a formula that uses a percentage of body weight to determine starting weights

A

Sander program

51
Q

this program allows for individual differences in the rates at which pts progress in their rehab programs

A

Daily Adjusted Progressive Resistance Exercise (DAPRE)

52
Q

this program is based on an RM of 10

A

DeLorme Program

53
Q

This technique reverses the percentage of maximum in the 3 sets

A

Oxford Technique

54
Q

This program differentiates between beginning, intermediate, and advanced levels

A

MacQueen Technique

55
Q

this program selects an amount of weight that is sufficient to allow 6-8 RM in each of the 3 sets c a recovery period of 60-90 secs between sets

A

Berger technique

56
Q

formula for 1RM

A

(wt. lifted x # of reps x 0.03) + weight lifted

57
Q

method recommended as it is relatively conservative. it states that the load should increase if the individual can perform 2 or more reps over the assigned reps for that particular exercise over 2 consecutive workouts

A

2x2 rule

58
Q

clinical indications for eccentric exercies

A
  • mechanical, reproducible jt pain
  • jt pain resistant to modality intervention
  • unidirectional / low endurance pts
  • plateaus in strength gains
  • tendonitis presentations
  • late-stage rehab & performance training
59
Q

these exercises requires special equipment that produces an accommodating and variable resistance

A

isokinetic exercises

60
Q

advantages of isokinetic exercises

A
  • both high-speed/low-resistance and low-speed/high-resistance regimens result in excellent strength gains
  • both concentric & eccentric exercises can be performed on the machines
  • provide objective and quantifiable measurements of muscular strength
  • machine provides max resistance at all points in the ROM as a muscle contracts
61
Q

disadvantages of isokinetic exercises

A
  • expensive
  • requires max effort to work effectively
  • inc potential for impact loading & incorrect jt axis alignment
  • questionable functional carry over
62
Q

how is muscle power increased?

A

having a muscle work dynamically against resistance within a specified period

63
Q

Goal when increasing muscle power

A

decrease amount of time it required between the yielding eccentric muscle contractions and the initiation of the overcoming concentric contraction

64
Q

contraindications to strengthening and power exercises

A
  • unstable angina
  • uncontrolled htn
  • uncontrolled dysrhythmias
  • hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
65
Q

why is it important to make the patient count the seconds/reps during any exercise whether it is stretching or resistance exercises

A

to avoid valsalva maneuver

66
Q

OKC/CKC: when is a single muscle group used?

A

Open kinematic chain

67
Q

advantages of OKC

A
  • isolated recruitment
  • simple movement pattern
  • minimal jt compression
68
Q

disadvantages of OKC

A
  • limited function & eccentrics
  • less proprioception & jt stability c inc jt shear forces
69
Q

what contraction is emphasized in open kinematic chain?

A

concentric

70
Q

contraction emphasized in CKC

A

balance of concentric and eccentric

71
Q

advantages of CKC

A
  • functional recruitment, movement patterns, and contractions
  • increase proprioception and jt stability
72
Q

disadvantage of CKC

A
  • difficult to isolate
  • more complex
  • loss of control of target jt
  • compressive forces on articular surfaces

MSK2 LEC (7 decks)

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