Reservoirs and transmission of disease (not studying this)

Question 1

The major reservoir for infectious diseases for humans is

Answer 1

Human body

Question 2

Other reservoirs

Answer 2

ANIMAL
SOIL
WATER

Question 3

Animal

Answer 3

Diseases transmitted to humans from animals are known as zoonoses

Question 4

Animal- groups likely to contract the disease

Answer 4

Young children, agricultural workers, animal care workers…

Question 5

Soil

Answer 5

The soil contains millions of different microorganisms but most of them are not responsible for diseases in humans

Question 6

Soil infectious diseases examples

Answer 6

Tetanus (Clostridlum tetani)

Toxoplasmosis (Protozoa- Toxoplasma gardii)

Question 7

Water

Answer 7

Many microorganisms survive for differing periods of time in the water.

Question 8

Water infectious diseases examples

Answer 8

Giardia (protozoa)

Typhoid fere (bacteria)

Question 9

Mechanisms of Transmission

Answer 9

CONTACT
COMMON VEHICLE TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION BY VECTORS

Question 10

Contract transmission

Answer 10

DIRECT CONTACT
INDIRECT CONTACT
RESPIRATORY DROPLETS

Question 11

Direct contact

Answer 11

Close or intimate contact between the infected host and susceptible individual e.g. touch, sexual contact…

Question 12

Indirect contact

Answer 12

Microbes transferred from one host to another via a non-living object (fomite) e.g. drink, door handles, keys, money…

Question 13

Respiratory droplets

Answer 13

E.g. Sneezing, coughing, laughing, speaking can spread droplets from the upper respiratory tract.

Question 14

Common Vehicle Transmission

Answer 14

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION
WATER-BORNE TRANSMISSION
FOOD-BORNE TRANSMISSION

Question 15

Airborne transmission

Answer 15

SARS, spores, anthrax, T.B

Question 16

Water-borne transmission

Answer 16

Cholera, hepatitis, polio, typhoid

Question 17

Food-borne transmission

Answer 17

Salmonella, Staph avreus

Question 18

Transmission By Vectors

Answer 18

MECHANICAL VECTORS

BIOLOGICAL VECTORS

Question 19

Mechanical vectors

Answer 19

Fly- diarrhea, on the outside of an insects body

Question 20

Biological vectors

Answer 20

Mosquito- malaria, plague. Inside an insects body

Question 21

Methods For Preventing Disease Transmission

Answer 21

SANITATION
HYGIENE PRACTICES
IMMUNISATION
ISOLATION
TREATMENT

Question 22

Sanitation

Answer 22

Clean drinking water, collection of rubbish, sewage treatment.

Question 23

Hygiene Practices

Answer 23

Protocols around food prep, storage … and broken skin

Question 24

Immunisation

Answer 24

Exposure to microbes (not pathogenic) so immunity is developed E.g Vaccination

Question 25

Isolation

Answer 25

Keeping contagious people out of contact with uninfected people

Question 26

Treatment

Answer 26

To use antimicrobials to treat the infectious disease