Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Components
HEART
BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD
Heart
Pumps blood into the arteries
Blood Vessels
Carry blood near to every cell in the body. Help regulate body temperature and blood pressure by constricting and dilating.
Blood (2)
Carry materials needed by the cells (O2 and nutrients) and removes waste (CO2 and urea) produced by cells
Play a role in body defense, transport regulation.
transports hormones, heat, and pressure.
Heart (15)
- Superior Vena Cava
- Right Pulmonary Artery
- Right Pulmonary Veins
- Right Atrium
- Tricuspid Valve
- Right Ventricle
- Inferior Vena Cava
- Aortic Arch
- Ascending Aorta
- Left Atrium
- Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
- Aoratic Semilunar Valve
- Bicuspid Valve
- Left Ventricle
- Descending Aorta
The artery that carries deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary
The vein that carries oxygenated blood
pulmonary
Blood flow through the heart
Blood enters the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cava.
Blood then moves through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle
Blood then travels to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk and the left and right pulmonary arteries.
Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via pulmonary veins.
From here the blood flows through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle
It is then pumped out through the Aortic valve into the aorta and around the body
Artery, structure and functions (3)
Structure:
Thick elastic walled blood vessel
Function:
- walls stretch in response to pressure without tearing, then recoil.
- Pressure storage vessels
- Carry blood away from the heart
Arteriole, structure, and functions (3)
Structure:
Smooth muscle in walls
Function:
- Able to direct the flow of blood change in vessel diameter
- Vasoconstriction can raise blood pressure
- Vasodilation decreases blood pressure
Capillary, structure and Function
Structure:
Walls are one cell thick
Function:
-Allow gas and other materials to exchange between blood cells
Venule, structure and function
Structure:
Thin-walled cells
Function:
Drain the blood from capillaries
Vein, structures, function
Structure:
Thinner walls than arteries have valves
Function:
Take blood back to the heart to prevent backflow of blood
Blood consist of…
formed elements (cells and cell fragments) 45% and fluid (plasma) in which the formed elements are suspended 55%.
Normal range of PH of blood
7.35 - 7.45
Red blood cells/ erythrocytes
Transport O2 (and some CO2)
White blood cells/ Leucocytes
Fight infection
Neutrophils
Phagocytic especially against bacteria
Eosinophils
Effective against parasitic worms phagocytize
Basophils
Release histamines for the inflammatory response in allergic reactions
Lymphocytes
Attack and destroy a variety of microbe and dangerous cells
Monocytes
Phagocytic pathogens and worn-out cells
Platelets
Blood clotting
Microbial infection of the blood
Once microbes gain entry to the circulatory system via a wound or other focus of infection they are rapidly spread throughout the body.
Main microbes causing infection of the blood (3)
Bacteria- S.aureus
Viruses- HIV
Protozoa- Malaria
Factors that aid microbial colonization (4)
- Neutral PH
- Temp 37
- Nutrients, glucose, fat, proteins
- Oxygen + water
Factors that hinder microbial colonization (4)
- Blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and leukocytes
- Antibodies
- Rapidly moving blood
- Blood circulating through the spleen + liver (lined with phagocytes)
