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NCE / Erford > Research.GettingStarted > Flashcards

Research.GettingStarted Flashcards

1
Q
  1. is a systematic investigation which involves 2, 3, and 4 information in a sequential manner in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon of interest
A
  1. Research (2) collecting (3). Analyzing (4) interpreting
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2
Q
  1. Research is a (1) for (1) that begins w/a (1). 2. Intended to benefit the counseling profession when there are gaps between what (2)and what is 2
A
  1. search; truth; question (2) clients need; being provided to them
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3
Q

A ___ ____ is the general question that guides the direction of the research

A

research question

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4
Q

Once a research question is identified, __ are developed

A

Hypotheses

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5
Q

________ _____ ______ _____ : (1) Practice drives client outcomes; (2) Client outcomes drive research; (3) Research drives practice

A

Scientist Practitioner Feedback Loop

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6
Q

Scientist Practitioner Feedback Loop: Practice drives __

A

client outcomes

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7
Q

Scientist Practitioner Feedback Loop: Client outcomes drives

A

Research

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8
Q

Scientist Practitioner Feedback Loop: Research drives

A

Practice

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9
Q

Basic components of research: (a); (b); (c).

A

(a) research question (b) hypothesis; (c) variables

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10
Q

A ___ is an inference or application that is an estimation of the projected results

A

Hypothesis

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11
Q

A value that is observed or manipulated

A

Variable

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12
Q

After identifying a (broad) research question, making a hypothesis, and considering the variables to be studied, the next step is to determine the appropriate __ ___.

A

RESEARCH DESIGN

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13
Q

___ : such characteristics that have more than one attribute or value (thereby making them capable of ___)

A

Variables; varying

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14
Q

Basic Component of Research: Techniques employed for data examination

A

Research Design

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15
Q

Types of Research design

A

Quantitative design

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16
Q

Basic Component of Research: Quantitative designs collect __or__ data

A

numerical; categorical

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17
Q

Basic Component of Research: Qualitative designs collect data in the form of ___ ___

A

narrative answers

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18
Q

Basic components of research: ___ designs collect data in the form of narrative answers

A

Qualitative

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19
Q

Basic components of research: Qualitative designs are often focused on a

A

central phenomenon

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20
Q

Research methods/designs/empirical inquires: (a); (b); (c)

A

a. relational or correlational

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21
Q

Experimental research defines the ____

A

Variables

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22
Q

Descriptive research provides an overview of the actual ___ _ _ ___.

A

presence of the variables

23
Q

____ research: describes how certain variables are in relation to other variables

A

Relational/correlational

24
Q

Qualitative research focuses on

A

focuses on the view and experience of the participant

25
Q

Research concerned with linking or making an association between existing variables, and if so, determining the strength and pattern of the relationship

A

Relational/correlational research

26
Q

A ___ research design/method is not concerned with cause and effect but to define the presence of a particular phenomenon

A

Descriptive

27
Q

___ research attempts to define causality

A

Experimental

28
Q

___ variables are manipulated to determine its effect on another

A

Independent variables

29
Q

___ variables are studied

A

Dependent variables

30
Q

Exp. research, the researcher measures the effect the ____ variable has on the ___ variable

A

independent; dependent

31
Q

In ___ research, the researcher is interested in how the __ variable responds as a result of the __ variable

A

experimental; dependent; independent

32
Q

A subset of the target population of potential participants for the research questions being investigated

A

Sample

33
Q

In order to gather data, researchers must determine how the population of their study will be ___ and ____

A

defined and sampled

34
Q

A __ __ includes all the participants from which the research sample could be drawn based on the research question being investigated

A

target population

35
Q

______: If the sample comprises a greater percentage of the actual population it is more likely to truly represent the population being studied

A

Generalizability

36
Q

Extend to which the results of a measurement or procedure actually serve the purpose for which it is intended

A

Validity

37
Q

Extent to which the results of a measurement or procedure are consistent from one measurement to another

A

Reliability

38
Q

A statement of the problem and its significance

A

Research Question

39
Q

A Research Question may be in the form of an actual __ or may be a __ __.

A

question; declarative statement

40
Q

Hypothesis: Tentative/potential answer to the proposed research Q that’s informed by ___ ___ and understanding the problem. “Posed” to be either supported or refuted, no difference in research quality dependent on the outcome. (Do not use the word “___”)

A

existing literature; “proven”

41
Q

Quality research is ___ in focus and ___ in scope; beginning researchers make the mistake of looking at ___ research questions that cannot be practically studied.

A

specific; limited; broad

42
Q

___ ____ must specific in their focus and intention

A

Research questions

43
Q

Hypothesis are stated in _____ ____ and are never questions

A

absolute terms

44
Q

A means of identifying and selecting a portion of the total population to be studied.

A

Sampling

45
Q

Representative of the population by mirroring proportionately the characteristics of the entire population.

A

Sampling

46
Q

Types of sampling: (1) __; (2)__; (3)__; (4)__

A
  1. random
47
Q

__ sampling: Each person has an independent & equal opportunity to participate in research

A

Random

48
Q

random sampling; participants determined by using __ ___

A

random selection

49
Q

___ sampling: Involves listing potential participants and choosing a specified number (like every 5th name)

A

Systematic

50
Q

___ sampling: Used to ensure that identified subgroups are represented in the sample.

A

Stratified

51
Q

Stratified sampling; Divides the overall population into identified subgroups then ___

A

Randomly samples within these groups.

52
Q

____ or ___ samples: Made up of the members of the larger population that are most accessible to the researcher.

A

Convenience or opportunity

53
Q

___ sampling: May include asking for volunteers, studying available participants, or sending surveys for participants you can access.

A

Convenience or opportunity

54
Q

Sample size is dependent on: (1) the type of __ __ (2). nature of the __ __ __ (3) available

A

(1) study being conducted (2) population under consideration (3) time, money, and resources

NCE / Erford (4 decks)

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