Researchers

Question 1

Jackobsen et al

Answer 1

Tested the reliability of the ICD 10

> 100 danish patients diagnosed with psychosis
98% concordance rate with ICD 10

Demonstrates high reliability

Question 2

Soderberg et al

Answer 2

Found an 81% concordance rate using the DSM

&

60% using ICD

Question 3

Buckley et al

Answer 3

50% of schizophrenics had co-morbid depression.

Question 4

McGovern

Answer 4

Found 2/3rds of patients detained in Birmingham with Sz as opposed to Asian and white people.

Question 5

Cochrane 1977

Answer 5

Reported Afro-Carribeans to be 7 times more likely to be diagnosed with sz in Britain than in their homeland (West Indies)

Question 6

Joseph 2004

Answer 6

Reported a concordance rate in Sz of 40.4 in Mz twins

7.4% in Dz twins

Suggesting that sz is genetically influenced.

But not fully influenced > no 100% CCR

Question 7

Ho et al

Answer 7

MRI scans on sz patients and found they had brain damage.

Longitudinal study

3 years later > rescanned

Brain damaged had worsened
In frontal lobes
Symptoms also heightened

Suggests brain damage does increase in sz’s

BUT. Not the cause of SZ

Question 8

Bateson et al > 1956

Answer 8

Found children who frequently receive contradicting. Messages from parents

Develop schizophrenia

Question 9

Linzen et al

Answer 9

A patient who return home to high EXPRESSED EMOTION is 4 times more likely to relapse than a person who returns to low EE

Question 10

Bateson > Expressed a motion.

Answer 10

Studied a man with Sz
Was visited by hostile/critical mother
When she left he assaulted an aid & retained

Supports the negative effects of EE and it’s attribution to relapse

Question 11

Research for Family dysfunction

Refuting

Answer 11

Only 1% of the population have been diagnosed with Sz

There is likely to be a higher percentage of DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILIES.

suggests DF isn’t the sole cause of SZ

Question 12

Helmsley

Answer 12

Implied that schemas are not activated in Sz’s making it difficult to process incoming info

Sensory overload > Frith et al

Question 13

Frith et al

Answer 13

Sensory overload leads to

The inability to generate willed actions
Monitor willed actions
& monitor beliefs and intentions of others.

NO META-REPRESENTATION
NO INSIGHT
NO DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN REAL & FAKE

Question 14

Maher

Answer 14

Suggests delusions are coping mechanisms for hallucinations

Helps to cognitively process

Question 15

Davis et al

Answer 15

100 Sz patients
Compared drugs with placebos.

Found 70% of pps treated with antipsychotics improved in 6 weeks

Placebo > less than 25% of improvement

Question 16

Zimmerman et al

Answer 16

Meta analysis
14 studies
1484 Sz patients in CBT

CBT significantly reduced positive symptoms.

Question 17

Tarried et al

Answer 17

20 sessions on CBT in 10 weeks with drug therapy

Found these sufferers > better than taking CBT/ drug therapy alone.

Question 18

Rathod et al

Answer 18

Non-Caribbean therapists had less success with Afro Caribbean patients due to lack of empathy.

Professional trainers are needed for CBT to work.

Question 19

Pilling et al

Answer 19

Meta analysis > on several psychological treatments.

18 family therapy studies
1467 Sz patients
Found family therapy had the lowest relapse rate

Question 20

Cannon et al

Answer 20

Correlation with pregnancy complications (damaged neurotransmitters) and Sz

Supports biological factors > can trigger Sz

Question 21

Hogarty et al

Answer 21

Assessed relapse rates

103 sz’s
0% relapse rate for family therapy/social skills / drug therapy together.
41% for drug therapy alone.