Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology - Attachment > Researchers > Flashcards

Researchers Flashcards

1
Q

Lamb et al (1982)

A

Studied att with grandparents and siblings

  • found that infants had different attachments rather than hierarchal with mother at top.
  • (father=play) (mothers= comfort)

REFUTES BOWLBY who suggests mothers are the most significant att. Figures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bowlby (1951)

A
  • Monotropic theory

- Believed Infants formed one significant attachment - Mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Schaffer + Emerson (1964)

Stages of att.

A

Stage of attachment development
-composed research that found 4 stages of attachment
Pre. Indiscrimate.Discrimate & Multiple att.

REFUTED BOWLBY who rejected the concept of multiple attachments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Harlow (1959)

Animal study

A

Conducted a study with Rhesus monkeys

  • with 4 conditions (wire mother with food and wire mother with comfort)
  • Found Rhesus monkeys went to wire mother with comfort most of the time.
  • Rhesus monkeys have an innate need for contact comfort
  • COMFORT IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN FOOD FOR FORMING ATTACHMENTS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lorenz (1935)
(Nidifugous birds)

Animal study

A

Investigated imprinting with geese.

  • 1 hatched with mothers
  • 2 hatched with Lorenz
  • Found that a critical period between 4-25 hours must be made to form att.

SUPPORTED BY BOWLBY - believes there is a critical period In humans (0-3 years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Learning Theory

A

Classical > food associated with mother= pleasure > att

Operant > positive reinforcement = crying to receive food > maintains att.
Negative reinforcement - giving food to stop crying.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brown et al (2010)

Belsky et al (2009) found the same with marital intimacy.

Role of fathers

A

Assessed att patterns - 68 families
Infants aged 12-13 m
-Found supportive co-parenting lead to better father-infant att.
-not mothers

-important for fathers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lamb et al (1987)

Role of fathers

A

Found fathers Can quickly develop sensitive responsiveness.

  • suggests it is not an innate ability for women only.
  • Also found, infants prefer interacting with fathers when positive.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Schaffer + Emerson (1950)

A

REFUTES LEARNING THEORY

  • 39% cases > mother is not main att.
  • mother is not main att. figure
  • food is not main explanation of att.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dollard + Miller (1950)

A

1 year = 2000 feeds

  • The care giver is associated with food
  • pleasure = developed att.

-SUPPORTS LEARNING THEORY.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Klaus + Kenall (1976)

Physical contact

A

Compared mums who had physical contact w/ infants for several hours with mums who only had physical contact during feeding time after birth.

  • found that a year later these effects wer noticeable
  • more physical contact = stronger form of att.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dunkin

A

Believes physical contact is not cause of att

Attention is.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Melzoff + Moore (1977)

Reciprocity / mimicking

A

Infants aged 2-3 weeks
Mimicked adults facial expressions
-supports it to be an innate ability for forming att.
-seen in infants less than 3 days - biological.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Papousek (1991)

Caregiverese

A

Using a high pitch tone to gain response from infant = cross-cultural
-caregiverese = innate
Biological mechanism for interaction > formation of att.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Condon + Sander (1974)

Interactional synchrony

A

Recordings of infants movement to find they co-ordinated actions in a sequence as if having a conversation.

Supports Interactional synchrony reinforce attachment bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carpenter (1975)

A

Presented familiar and unfamiliar faces and voices to infants (2 weeks)

  • becomes distressed when it wasn’t mothers voice/face.
  • Attracted to mothers from early age.

REFUTES SCHAFFER AND EMERSON who suggest babies are attracted to any person/ thing at this stage.

17
Q

Ijzendoorn + Kroonberg 1988

A

Assess similarities and differences between type A B C att types in cultures.

18
Q

Gross man & Grossman (1991)

A

German infants tended to be classified as insecurely att.

Due to different child rearing practices

Supports there are cross-cultural variations

19
Q

Gross man & Grossman (1991)

A

German infants tended to be classified as insecurely att.

Due to different child rearing practices

Supports there are cross-cultural variations

20
Q

Schaffer and Emerson 1964

Study

A

Longitudinal > 60 newborn each month for 18 m
Observational study
Measured separation &a stranger anxiety

Att made with those who showed sensitive responsiveness
61% multiple att

Infants behave in the same way with different att figures.

21
Q

Harlow et al 1965

A
  • Raised monkeys in isolation for 3 6 12 24 m
  • displayed signs of psychological disturbance
  • hugging their body’s rocking repeatively
  • fearful of others
  • biting there own legs, pulling out hair
  • no sexual courtship
  • abused infants - chewed off baby’s feet/ hands
22
Q

Harlow & Suomi (1972)

A
  • monkeys isolated for 6 m
  • gradually increased contact w/ monkey therapist
  • 12 m = almost normal
  • 3 years = living amongst other animals
  • isolationist IS reversible
23
Q

Hetherington & Stanley - Hagan (1999)

Long term deprivation

A

Only 25% long of children experience long term adjustment problems after a divorce.

Most children can adapt

Refutes bowl you

24
Q

Freud & Dann 1951

A

6 children in Nazi concentration camps

  • orphaned at a few months - no att bonds
  • Bulldog bank centre age 3-4
  • developed att

Refutes bowlby.

25
Q

Curtis ( 1977)

A

Genie

Locked away until age 13

Could not stand up/ speak

Moved to 6 different foster homes

Deteriorated

26
Q

Ainsworth 1978

A

Strange situation study.
Infants 9-18 months
Assess stranger anxiety and separation anxiety.

3 types of att.
Secure att = main att

27
Q

Kolachuva (1972-1991)

A 
Reported on identical twins 
Mother died at birth
Locked in a cellar until 5
Found at 7 > physical & mental damage.
Physical therapy > age 14 near normal
28
Q

Rutter (2006)

A

Multiple employment for residential homes

  • created distinct att types.
29
Q

Bowlby (1944)

A

Compared 44 juvenile thieves with control
Found /32%/ of thieves showed AFFECTIONLESS PSYCHOPATHY

86% - experienced maternal deprivation

Supports BOWLBY > deprivation = serious LT effects.

30
Q

Rutter (1998)

Longitudinal study

A

To see if loving/nurturing care could reverse privation
» ROMANIAN ORPHANAGES

111 orphans assessed > 50% retarded (cog)
52 British adopt (control)

Conditions = all adopted before 6m /after 2 yrs

By age 4 > improve cog development
(Orphans adopted before 6m)

Separation will not by itself cause negative Dev.

31
Q

Rutter et al (2001)

A

Follow up study

Long term institutionalisation > more negative irreversible effects

32
Q

Hamilton 1994

A
  • securely att children
  • insecurely att relationships
  • negative experiences.
33
Q

Hazan & Shaver (1987)

A
  • att theory > view on adult relations

- correlation between adult att

Psychology - Attachment (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions