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Psychology - Attachment > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Sensitive responsiveness

Caregiver-infant interaction

A

care giver responds accurately to infants -develops att.

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2
Q

Caregiverese

Caregiver-infant interaction

A
  • Using high pitched tone
  • Form of interaction
  • Helps to form attachment .

Papousek (1991)

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3
Q

Reciprocity

A

Infants mimick adult facial expressions and movement as a form of interaction .

Innate.

Melzof & Moore

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4
Q

Physical contact

A

More physical / skin to skin contact = stronger formation of attachment.

Klaus & Kenall

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5
Q

Interactional synchrony

A

Infants were found to move in a sequence as if having a conversation.
Turn taking with care-giver.

-helps form attachment.

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6
Q

The Monotropic theory

A 
BOWLBY
- 1 significant care giver - mother 
- evolution/ natural selection
- critical period (o-3 years)
- secure base - when infants are incecure.
- internal working model
Social releases
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7
Q

Critical period

A

BOWLBY

- 0-3 years for infant to form att otherwise no att can be formed

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8
Q

Social releases

A
  • infants innate ability
  • forms/develops/maintains att
  • crying, smiling, clinging etc
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9
Q

Internal working model

A

Template used to help develop future att.

- template not made > no new att formed.

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11
Q

Evolution

A
  • secure emotional bonds developed through natural selection.
  • Darwin
  • infants form att As a method of survival.
  • innate
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12
Q

Ainsworth
Strange situation
Method

A

-8 episodes - 3mins each
-Observation method.
-106 infants observed
Significant episodes
~ mother, infant
~ stranger, infant
~ infant

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13
Q

Ainsworth

Strange situation

Method

A

Insecure avoidant - 15% ~ not stressed when alone
Secure att - 70% ~ distressed when alone
Insecure-resistant - 15% ~ fussy&a wary continuously.

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14
Q

Ainsworth

Conclusion

A
  • sensitive responsiveness determines quality of att.

- sensitive mothers = secure att to infant.

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15
Q

Ainsworth

Evaluation

Pros

x2

A
  • accepted and well known method of assessing att
  • Main & Weston 1981
    Att is linked to individual relationships, not characteristics.
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16
Q

Ainsworth

Eval

Negs
X3

A
  • lab exp ~ lacks ecological validity
    BROFENBRENNER ~ att is stronger in strange place than at home.
  • unethical
  • focuses on infants characteristics and not mothers / caregivers
  • att types are fixed characteristics.
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17
Q

Cultural variation

A

Differences in child attachments between different cultures.

18
Q

Ainsworth (1978)

Strange situation aim

A

Test infants age 9-18m

  • under conditions of mild stress
  • stranger anxiety
  • Separation anxiety
  • concept of the secure base
19
Q

Germany

Types of att

A

Secure att - 60%

Insecure res - 10%

Insecure avoidant - 40%

Highest insecure avoidant
- individualism

20
Q

Japan

Att types

A

Secure -70%

Insecure res - 30%

Insecure avoidant - 5%

Highest insecure resistant

  • Eastern families - collectivist.
21
Q

What do eastern and western countries have in common w/ attachment

A

All have the highest percentage for secure att.

Supports Ainsworths strange situation theory
Can be generalised
- suggests secure att = main att

22
Q

Evaluation of Izjendoorn and Kroonberg study

A
  • Numbers of mother-infant pairs vary - inaccurate data
  • imposed Etic ~
    analysing findings in a biased manner , applying their cultural beliefs to other cultures - wrong
23
Q

What are

              Child rearing practices
A

The way a child is raised .

This varies in different cultures

23
Q

MDH

Material deprivation Hypothesis

A

Bowlby

Explains what happens if attachments are broken / never made.

Damage to child’s emotional, social and intellectual development.

24
Q

Short term separation

A

Temporary separation from att figure

  • causes 3 types of distress.

Protest

Despair

Detachment

25
Q

PDD model

A

Protest - crying, screaming, clinging to mother > direct expression of child’s anger / confusion

Despair - calmer protest. Anger/fear is indirect
Child comforts it self > thumb sucking.

Detachment - treats everyone warily. Rejects caregiver on their return. > anger

26
Q

Long - term deprivation

A

Lengthy / permanent separations from att figures

Eg: divorce, death, imprisonment.

40% of divorces .

27
Q

Privation

A

Children who have never formed an attachment suffer from privation.

The number of privation cases is rare, therefore only case studies are used to study this matter.

28
Q

Institutionalisation

A

Orphanage or residential children homes.

29
Q

Institutional care

A

Child care provided by orphanages and children’s homes.

30
Q

Affection less psychopathy

A
  • Bowlby 44 thieves

Inability to show affection / concern for others

31
Q

Dis inhibited attachment

A

Clingy, attention seeking behaviour

Indiscriminate sociability

(socialise with any adult)

32
Q

Distinctive att type

A

A unique att type

Disinhibited att

33
Q

Romanian Institutional care showed….

A 
Lack of food
Toys
Social interaction
Space
Care

Institutional care = negative development in kids.

34
Q

Rutter

Evaluation

A

+

35
Q

Continuity hypothesis

A

There is a consistency between early emotional experiences and later relationships.

36
Q

Inter generational attachment

A

Continuity between adults att types and their children

Psychology - Attachment (2 decks)

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